.  S.  G.  S.  A.-G.  I.-Form  No.  90.  Revised  January,  1928 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICU] 

BUREAU  OF  AGRICULTURAL  ECONO 

LTU 

MICJ 

DS 

RE 

3 

HANDBOOK 

of 

OFFICIAL 
GRAIN  STANDAR] 

5eFpt. 

STANDARDS  IN  EFFECT.ON 
SEPTEMBER  J5,  19?JM 

• 

-POSITORY 

^fflfek 

E 

UNITED  STATES 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFF1C1 

WASHINGTON 

1928 

■  ..  I.-l  orm  No.  90.  1  January,  192S 

U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

BUREAU  OF  AGRICULTURAL  ECONOMICS 


HANDBOOK  OF 
OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

for  Wheat,  Shelled  Corn,  Oats 

Feed  Oats,  Mixed  Feed  Oats 

Rye,  Grain  Sorghums 

and  Barley 


STANDARDS  IN  EFFECT  ON  SEPTEMBER  15,  1927 

Tabulated  and  Abridged  Description  of  the  Official 
Grain  Standards  of  the  United  States  as  Established 
and  Promulgated  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 

IMPORTANT  FEATURES  OF  GRAIN  INSPECTION 


Compiled  by  E.  G.  BOERXER,  Grain  Division 


UNITED   STATES 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING   OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

1928 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Wheat  standards --«-.. 4 

Hard  Red  Spring  wheat  (Class  I) 4 

Durum  wheat  (Class  II) ' 6 

Hard  Red  Winter  wheat  (Class  III)  _  _  8 

Soft  Red  Winter  wheat  (Class  IV) 10 

White  wheat  (Class  V) 12 

Grades  for  mixed  wheat,  mixed  durum, 
treated,      garlicky,      smutty,      and 

weevily  wheat 14 

Definitions 18 

Shelled-corn  standards 22 

Classes  of  shelled  corn 22 

Definitions., 24 

Oats  standards 26 

Grades  for  bleached  and  weevily  oats_  28 

Definitions 29 

Feed  oats  standards 32 

Mixed-feed  oats  standards 36 

Rye  standards 40 

Grades  for  garlicky,   weevily,   ergoty, 

and  smutty  rye 40 

Definitions 43 

Barley  standards 47 

Barley  (Class  I) 48 

Western  barley  (Class  II) 50 

Two-rowed  barley  (Class  III) 52 

Black  barley  (Class  IV) 54 

Grades  for  mixed,  bleached,  garlicky, 

weevily,  and  smutty  barley 56 

2 


CONTENTS  3 

Page 

Grain  sorghum  standards 61 

Definitions 66 

Important  features  of  grain  inspection 69 

Basis  of  inspection 69 

The  sampling  of  grain 71 

Sampling  devices 74 

Grain     trier     (probe)     and     sampling 

canvas 74 

Spout  sampler  (Pelican) 76 

Sample  divider 77 

Method  of  making  moisture  tests 79 

Equipment  for  separating  dockage  in  wheat 

and  rye 84 

Test  weight  per  bushel 87 

Method     for     detecting     sulphur-bleached 

grain 91 

Apparatus  for  grading  grain  according  to 

the  official  grain  standards 93 

Appeals    and   disputes    under  the   United 

States  grain  standards  act 96 

Appeals 96 

Disputes 97 

Fees  and  charges 97 

Secretary's  findings 97 

How  to  file  an  appeal  or  dispute 98 

Agreed   samples   in   appeals   and   dis- 
putes    98 

Further  information 100 


WHEAT  STANDARDS 


HARD  RED  SPRING  WHEAT  (CLASS  I) 
This  class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  Hard 
Red  Spring  wheat,  and  may  include  not  more 
than  10  per  cent  of  other  wheat  or  wheats. 
This  class  shall  be  divided  into  three  subclasses, 
as  follows: 

SUBCLASS  (a)  DARK  NORTHERN  SPRING 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Hard  Red  Spring,  consisting  of  75  per  cent  or 
more  of  dark,  hard,  and  vitreous  kernels.  This 
subclass  shall  not  include  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  wheat  of  the  variety  Humpback. 

SUBCLASS  (b)  NORTHERN  SPRING 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Hard  Red  Spring  consisting  of  less  than  75 
per  cent  and  more  than  25  per  cent  of  dark, 
hard,  and  vitreous  kernels.  This  subclass  shall 
not  include  more  than  10  per  cent  of  wheat  of 
the  variety  Humpback. 

SUBCLASS  (c)  RED  SPRING 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Hard  Red  Spring  consisting  of  not  more  than 
25  per  cent  of  dark,  hard,  and  vitreous  kernels. 
This  subclass  shall  also  include  wheat  of  the 
class  Hard  Red  Spring  consisting  of  more  than 
10  per  cent  of  the  variety  Humpback. 

Note.— The  subclass  Dark  Northern  Spring  is  divided  into 
seven  grades  as  follows:  No.  1  Hard  Spring,  and  No.  1,  No.  2, 
No.  3,  No.  4,  No.  5,  and  Sample  Grade,  Dark  Northern  Spring. 

The  subclasses  Northern  Spring  and  Red  Spring  are  each 
divided  into  five  numerical  grades  and  Sample  Grade. 

4 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 


Class  I.— Hard  Red  Spring  Wheat 

Grade  requirements  for — 

(a)  Dark  Northern  Spring,  (b)  Northern  Spring, 
(c)   Red  Spring 


- 

I 

,2 

s 
ft 

— 

- 

- 
E 

3 
I 

3 

9 

Maximum  limits  of- 

© 

= 

'c 

D  am  aged 
kernels 

Foreign 

material 

other  than 

dockage 

Wheats  of 
other 
classes 

Grade 

No. 

Total 

Beat  damage 

"3 
o 

- 

-  m 

T.E 

~  £ 

o 

a 

li 

2 

X6s. 

1   58 
57 
55 
53 
50 

P.ct. 

14.0 
14.5 
15.0 
16.0 
16.0 

P.ct.    P.ct. 
2       0.  1 
4         .2 
7         .5 
10       1.0 
15  !    3.  0 

P.ct. 

1 
2 
3 

5 

7 

P.ct. 

0.5 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 

5.0 

P.ct. 

5 

10 
10 
10 

P.ct. 

2 

5 

3 

10 

4 

10 

5 

10           10 

Sample 
grade. .. 

Sample  grade  shall  be  wheat  of  the  subclass  Dark 
Northern  Spring,  or  Northern  Spring,  or  Red 
Spring,  respectively,  which  does  not  come  within 
the  requirements  of  any  of  the  grades  from  No.  1 
to  No.  5,  inclusive,  or  which  has  any  commer- 
cially objectionable  foreign  odor  except  of  smut, 
garlic,  wild  onions,  or  is  very  sour,  or  is  heating, 
hot,  or  is  otherwise  of  distinctly  low  quality,  or 
contains  small,  inseparable  stones,  or  cinders. 

1  Xo.  1  Hard  Spring  shall  consist  of  85  per  cent  or  more  of  dark, 
hard,  and  vitreous  kernels  and  shall  have  a  test  weight  per 
bushel  of  at  least  60  pounds.  In  all  other  respects  the  require- 
ments for  this  grade  are  the  same  as  for  the  grade  No.  1  Dark 
Northern  Spring. 

(1)  The  wheat  in  grades  Nos.  1  to  4,  inclusive,  shall  be  cool 
and  sweet. 

(2)  The  wheat  in  No.  5  shall  be  cool,  but  may  be  musty  or 
slightly  sour. 

(3)  The  wheat  in  grade  No.  1  Hard  Spring,  in  grade  No.  1 
Dark  Northern  Spring,  and  grade  No.  1  Northern  Spring  may 
contain  not  more  than  5  per  cent  of  the  Hard  Red  Spring  wheat 
variety  Humpback. 


O  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

DURUM  WHEAT  (CLASS  II) 

This  class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  Durum 
wheat,  and  may  include  not  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  other  wheat  or  wheats.  This  class  shall 
be  divided  into  three  subclasses  as  follows: 

SUBCLASS  (a)  AMBER  DURUM 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Durum  consisting  of  75  per  cent  or  more  of 
hard  and  vitreous  kernels  of  amber  color.  This 
subclass  shall  not  include  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  wheat  of  the  variety  Red  Durum. 

SUBCLASS  (b)  DURUM 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Durum  consisting  of  less  than  75  per  cent  of 
hard  and  vitreous  kernels  of  amber  color.  This 
subclass  shall  not  include  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  wheat  of  the  variety  Red  Durum. 

SUBCLASS  (c)  RED  DURUM 

.  This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Durum  consisting  of  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
the  variety  Red  Durum. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  7 

Class  II. — Durum  Wheat. 
Grade  requirements  for — 

(a)  Amber  Durum,  (b)  Durum,  (c)  Red  Durum 


Maximum  limits  of — 

Damaged 

Foreign 
material 

Wheats  of 
other 

- 

kernels 

other  than 

Mini- 

dockage 

mum 

test 
weight 

Grade 
No. 

Soft 

per 

Mois- 

Red 

bush- 

ture 

Mat- 

Win- 

el 

Total 

Heat 
dam- 
age 

Total 

ter 
other 
than 
cereal 
grains 

Total 

ter, 
and 
White 

singly 

or 

com- 
bined 

Lbs. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

1 

60 

58 
56 
54 
51 

14.0 
14.5 
15.0 
16.0 
16.0 

2 
4 

0.1 
.2 

1 
2 
3 
5 

0.5 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
5.0 

5 

10 
10 
10 
10 

2 

2... _ 

5 

3 

7         .5 
10  '     1.0 

15  |    3.  0 

10 

4 

10 

5 

10 

S  a  m  pi  e  l  Sample  grade  shall  be  wheat  of  the  subclass  Amber 
grade.  Durum,  or  Durum,  or  Red  Durum,  respectively, 

which  does  not  come  within  the  requirements  of 
any  of  the  grades  from  No.  1  to  No.  5,  inclusive, 
or  which  has  any  commercially  objectionable 
foreign  odor  except  of  smut,  garlic,  or  wild  onion, 
or  is  very  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot,  or  is  otherwise 
of  distinctly  low  quality,  or  contains  small,  in- 
separable stones  or  cinders. 


(1)  The  wheat  in  grades  Nos.  1  to  4,  inclusive,  shall  be  cool 
and  sweet. 

(2)  The  wheat  in  grade  No.  5  shall  be  cool,  but  may  be  musty 
or  slightly  sour. 

(3)  The  wheat  in  grade  No.  1  Amber  Durum  and  grade  No. 
1  Durum  may  contain  not  more  than  5  per  cent  of  wheat  of  the 
variety  Red  Durum. 


8  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

HARD  RED  WINTER  WHEAT  (CLASS  III) 

This  class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  Hard 
Red  Winter  wheat,  and  may  include  not  more 
than  10  per  cent  of  other  wheat  or  wheats. 
This  class  shall  be  divided  into  three  subclasses 
as  follows: 

SUBCLASS  (a)  DARK  HARD  WINTER 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Hard  Red  Winter,  consisting  of  80  per  cent  or 
more  of  dark,  hard,  and  vitreous  kernels. 

SUBCLASS  (b)  HARD  WINTER 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Hard  Red  Winter,  consisting  of  less  than  80 
per  cent  and  more  than  25  per  cent  of  dark,  hard, 
and  vitreous  kernels. 

SUBCLASS  (c)  YELLOW  HARD  WINTER 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Hard  Red  Winter,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
25  per  cent  of  dark,  hard,  and  vitreous  kernels. 


OFFICIAL    CHAIN    STANDARDS  9 

Class  III.— Hard  Red  Winter  Wheat 

Grade  requirements  for — 

(a)   Dark   Hard    Winter,    (6)    Hard    Winter,    (c) 
Yellow  Hard  Winter 


JB 
,5 

u 

S 

-4-3 

3 

! 
i 

s 

Maximum  limits  of— 

Grade  No. 

a 
o 

Damaged 
kernels 

Foreign 

material 

other 

than 

dockage 

Wheats 

of  other 
classes 

O 

© 

a 

n 

S 

o 

~  z 

V. 

z  -- 

—  g  - 

"3 

C 

a 
3 

5 

1 

L6». 

60 

58 
56 
54 
51 

P.ct. 
13.5 
14.0 
14.5 
15.  5 
15.5 

P.ct. 
2 

4 
7 

10 
15 

P.ct. 

0.1 

.2 

.  5 

1.0 

3.0 

P.ct. 

1 

2 
3 
5 

P.ct. 

0.5 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
5.0 

P.ct. 
5 
10 
10 
10 
10 

P.rf. 

2 

2 

5 

3 

10 

4 

10 

5 

10 

Sample 
grade  __. 

Sample  grade  shall  be  wheat  of  the  subclass  Dark 
Hard  Winter,  or  Hard  Winter,  or  Yellow  Hard 
Winter,    respectively,    which    does    not    come 
within  the  requirements   of  any  of  the  grades 
from  Xo.  1  to  Xo.  5,  inclusive,  or  which  has  any 
commercially  objectionable  foreign  odor  except 
of  smut,  garlic,  or  wild '  onions,  or  is  very  sour, 
or  is  heating  or  hot,  or  is  otherwise  of  distinctly 
low    quality,    or    contains    small,    inseparable 
stones  or  cinders. 

(1)  The  wheat  in  grades  Xos.  1  to  4,  inclusive,  shall  be  cool 
and  sweet. 

(2)  The  wheat  in  grade  Xo.  5  shall  be  cool,  but  may  be  musty 
or  slightly  sour. 


10  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

SOFT  RED  WINTER  WHEAT  (CLASS  IV) 

This  class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  Soft 
Red  Winter  wheat  and  may  include  not  more 
than  10  per  cent  of  other  wheat  or  wheats. 
This  class  shall  be  divided  into  two  subclasses 
as  follows: 

SUBCLASS  (a)  RED  WINTER 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Soft  Red  Winter  consisting  of  both  light  and 
dark  colored  kernels.  This  subclass  shall  not 
include  more  than  10  per  cent  of  Soft  Red 
Winter  wheat  possessing  the  characteristics  of 
wheat  of  this  class  as  grown  west  of  the  Great 
Plains  area  of  the  United  States. 

SUBCLASS  (b)  WESTERN  RED 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
Soft  Red  Winter  consisting  of  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  wheat  of  this  class  grown  west  of  the 
Great  Plains  area  of  the  United  States  or  any 
wheat  of  this  class  possessing  the  character- 
istics of  Soft  Red  Winter  wheat  as  grown  west 
of  the  Great  Plains  area  of  the  United  States. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Class  IV.— Soft  Red  Winter  Wheat 

Grade  requirements  for — 

(a)   Red  Winter,  (b)  Western  Red 


11 


— 
■f. 
a 

- 

Maximum  limits  of- 

• 

i 

Foreign 

z 
p. 

Damaged 

material 

Wheats 

kernels 

other 

of  other 

1> 

than 

classes 

Grade  Xo. 

'Z 

— 

E 

0 

dockage 

CD 

E 

z  - 

—  £ 

5 
'E 

E 

'3 

s 

Seal  di 
Total 

Matter 
than 

main 
Total 

E 
g 
& 

Q 

Z£*. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.  ct.   P.  ct. 

p.  a.  p.  ct. 

P.ct. 

1.. _.. 

60 

58 
56 
54 
51 

13.5 
14.0 
14.5 
15.  5 
15.5 

2 

4 

■ 

10 

15 

0.1           1 
.2  [        2 

.5           3 

1.0           5 
3.0           7 

0.5           5 
1.0         10 
2.0         10 
3.0         10 
5.0         10 

2 

2... 

3 

3 

10 

4 

10 

5 

10 

Sample 

Sample  grade  shall  be  wheat  o] 

the  subclass  Red 

grade. 

Winter  or   Western   Red.  respectively,  which 

does  not  come  within  the  requirements  of  any  of 

the  grades  from  Xo.  1  to  Xo.  5,  inclusive,  or 

which  has  any  commercially  objectionable  for- 

eign odor  except  of  smut,  garlic,  or  wild  onions, 

or  is  very  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot.  or  is  otherwise 

of  distinctly  low   quality,   or  contains  small, 

inse 

parabl 

e  stone 

s  or  ci] 

iders. 

(1)  The  wheat  in  grades  X'os.  1  to  4,  inclusive,  shall  be  cool 
and  sweet. 

(2)  The  wheat  in  grade  X"o.  5  shall  be  cool,  but  may  be  musty 
or  slightly  sour. 


12  OFFICIAL   GRAIN   STANDARDS 

WHITE  WHEAT  (CLASS  V) 

This  class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  white 
wheat,  whether  winter  or  spring  grown,  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other 
wheat  or  wheats.  This  class  shall  be  divided 
into  three  subclasses,  as  follows: 

SUBCLASS  (a)  HARD  WHITE 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
White  consisting  of  75  per  cent  or  more  of  hard 
(not  soft  and  chalky)  kernels.  This  subclass 
shall  not  include  more  than  10  per  cent  of  wheat 
of  the  varieties  Sonora  and  White  Club,  either 
singly  or  in  any  combination. 

SUBCLASS  (b)  SOFT  WHITE 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
White  consisting  of  less  than  75  per  cent  of  hard 
(not  soft  and  chalky)  kernels.  This  subclass 
shall  not  include  more  than  10  per  cent  of  wheat 
of  the  varieties  Sonora  and  White  Club,  either 
singly  or  in  any  combination. 

SUBCLASS  (c)  WESTERN  WHITE 

This  subclass  shall  include  wheat  of  the  class 
White  consisting  of  more  than  10  per  cent  of  the 
varieties  White  Club  and  Sonora,  either  singly 
or  in  any  combination. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN"    STANDARDS 
Class  V.— White  Wheat 


13 


Grade  requirements  for — 
(a)  Hard  White,  (b)  Soft  White,  (c)  Western  White 


s 

CO 

Maximum  limits  of- 

Foreign 

Damaged 
kernels 

material 
other 
than 

Wheats 
of  other 
classes 

Grade  Xo. 

to 
8 

dockage 

co 

®  2? 

«5 

bfi 

—  £ 

| 

© 

c3 

E 

*3    t! 

P 

a 

v. 

0 
3 

9 

"S 

a 

It 

o 

-0 

CO 

— 

o 

"3 
0 

- 

a 

g 
Q 

Lbs. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.ct. 

P.cf. 

P.d. 

1 

60 

13.5 

2 

0.1 

1 

0.5 

5 

2 

2.... 

58 

14.  0 

4 

.  2 

2 

1.  0 

10 

3 

3.... 

56 

14.  5 

7 

.  5 

3 

2]  0 

10 

10 

4 

54 

15.5 

10 

1.  0 

5 

3!  0 

10 

10 

5 

51 

is  a 

15 

a  n 

a  n 

in 

in 

Sample 

Sample  grade  shall  be  wheat  of  the  subclass  Hard 

grade. 

White,  Soft   White,  or  Western   White,  respec- 

tively, which  does  not  come  within  the  require- 

ments of  any  of  the  grades  from  No.  1  to  No.  5, 

inclusive,  or  which  has  any  commercially  objec- 

tionable foreign  odor  except  of  smut,  garlic,  or 

wild  onions,  or  is  very  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot,  or 

is  otherwise  of  distinctly  low  quality,  or  contains 

small  inseparable  stones  or  cinders/ 

(1)  The  wheat  in  grades  Xos.  1  to  4,  inclusive,  shall  be  cool 
and  sweet. 

(2)  The  wheat  in  grade  No.  5  shall  be  cool,  but  may  be  musty 
or  slightly  sour. 


14  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

GRADES  FOR  MIXED  WHEAT,  MIXED  DU- 
RUM, TREATED,  GARLICKY,  SMUTTY, 
AND  WEEVILY  WHEAT 

Mixed  wheat. — Mixed  wheat  shall  be  any 
mixture  of  wheat  not  provided  for  in  the  classes 
from  I  to  V,  inclusive. 

Grades  for  mixed  wheat. —  Mixed  wheat 
shall  be  graded  according  to  each  of  the  grade 
requirements  common  to  all  of  the  subclasses 
of  the  class  of  the  wheat  which  predominates 
over  each  other  class  in  the  mixture,  except 
that  all  of  the  grade  requirements  in  any  sub- 
class as  to  the  maximum  percentage  of  other 
wheat  or  other  varieties  of  wheat  shall  be  dis- 
regarded. The  grade  designation  of  mixed 
wheat  shall,  except  in  the  case  of  Mixed  Durum, 
include,  successively,  in  the  order  named,  the 
number  of  the  grade  or  the  words  "Sample 
Grade,"  as  the  case  may  be,  the  words  "Mixed 
wheat,  and,  in  the  order  of  its  predominance, 
the  name  and  approximate  percentage  of  each 
class  of  wheat  which  constitutes  10  per  cent  or 
more  of  the  mixture,  but  if  only  one  class  ex- 
ceeds 10  per  cent  of  the  mixture  the  name  and 
approximate  percentage  of  that  class  shall  be 
added  to  the  grade  designation,  followed  by 
the  name  and  approximate  percentage  of  at 
least  one  other  class. 

Grades  for  mixed  durum. — Mixed  Durum 
shall  be  mixed  wheat  consisting  of  70  per  cent 
or  more  of  Durum  wheat  other  than  the  variety 
Red  Durum  and  may  contain  not  more  than 
5  per  cent  of  soft  red  winter  and  white  wheat, 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  15 

singly  or  combined.  Mixed  Durum  shall  be 
graded  according  to  the  requirements  of  the 
grades  for  Mixed  Wheat.  The  grade  designa- 
tion of  mixed  durum  wheat  shall  be  Mixed 
Durum,  preceded  by  the  number  of  the  grade, 
or  the  words  "  Sample  Grade,"  as  the  case  may 
be. 

TREATED  WHEAT 

Treated  wheat. — Treated  wheat  shall  be 
wheat  which  has  been  scoured,  limed,  washed, 
sulphured,  or  treated  in  such  a  manner  that 
its  true  quality  is  not  reflected  by  the  numerical 
grade  designation,  including  Sample  Grade, 
alone. 

Grades  for  treated  wheat. — Treated  wheat 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to  the 
grade  requirements  of  the  standard  applicable 
to  such  wheat  if  it  were  not  treated,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  its  grade 
designation  a  statement  indicating  the  kind 
of  treatment. 

GARLICKY  WHEAT 

Garlicky  wheat. — Garlicky  wheat  shall  be 
all  wheat  which  has  an  unmistakable  odor  of 
garlic  or  wild  onions,  or  which  contains  garlic 
or  wild  onion  bulblets  in  a  quantity  equal  to 
one  or  more  bulblets  in  1,000  grams  of  wheat. 

Grades  for  garlicky  wheat. — Garlicky 
wheat  shall  be  graded  and  designated  according 
to  the  grade  requirements  of  the  standard  ap- 
plicable to  such  wheat  if  it  were  not  garlicky, 


16  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

and  there  shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part 
of,  its  grade  designation  the  word  " Garlicky.' ' 

Note.— The  regulations  pursuant  to  the  United  States  grain 
standards  Act  provide  that  "  (o)  unless  issued  for  an  export 
shipx_i3nt,  in  the  case  of  wheat  graded  '  Garlicky'  on  account  of 
the  presence  of  garlic  or  wild  onion  bulblets,  there  shall  be 
stated  in  the  space  for  'Remarks'  the  approximate  quantity 
of  garlic  or  wild  onion  bulblets  present,  using  the  following 
terms:  'Light  garlicky,'  'Medium  garlicky,'  or  'Heavy  gar- 
licky,' 'Light  garlicky'  is  hereby  denned  to  mean  garlic  or 
wild  onion  bulblets  in  an  amount  equal  to  1  to  3  bulblets,  inclu- 
sive, in  1,000  grams;  'Medium  garlicky'  is  hereby  denned  to 
mean  garlic  or  wild  onion  bulblets  in  an  amount  equal  to  4  to 
15  bulblets,  inclusive,  in  1,000  grams;  and  '  Heavy  garlicky'  is 
hereby  denned  to  mean  garlic  c1:  wild  onion  bulblets  in  an 
amount  equal  to  more  than  15  bulblets  in  1,000  grams." 

SMUTTY  WHEAT 

Smutty  wheat. — Smutty  wheat  shall  be 
all  wheat  which  has  an  unmistakable  odor  of 
smut,  or  which  contains  spores,  balls,  or  por- 
tions of  balls,  of  smut  in  excess  of  a  quantity 
equal  to  two  balls  of  average  size  in  50  grams  of 
wheat. 

Grades  for  smutty  wheat. — Smutty  wheat 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to 
the  method  described  either  in  paragraph  (a) 
or  paragraph  (6)  of  this  section. 

(a)  Before  the  determination  of  smut  dock- 
age as  provided  in  this  paragraph,  the  wheat 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to 
the  grade  requirements  of  the  standard  appli- 
cable to  such  wheat  if  it  were  not  smutty,  except 
that  smut  balls  shall  not  be  considered  as  for- 
eign material  other  than  dockage.  The  loss  in 
weight  caused  by  the  removal  of  smut  from  the 
wheat  shall  be  ascertained  by  scouring,  wash- 


OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS  17 

ing,  or  otherwise,  and  shall  be  calculated  in 
terms  of  percentage  based  on  the  total  weight 
of  the  grain  free  from  dockage.  The  percent- 
age so  calculated  shall  be  stated  in  terms  of 
whole  per  cent  and  half  per  cent.  A  fraction  of 
a  per  cent  when  equal  to,  or  greater  than,  a  half 
shall  be  treated  as  a  half,  and  when  less  than 
half  shall  be  disregarded.  The  percentage  of 
the  ''smut  dockage,"  so  calculated  and  stated, 
shall  be  added  to  the  grade  designation  preced- 
ing the  statement  of  dockage,  if  any. 

(6)  Smutty  wheat  shall  be  graded  and  des- 
ignated according  to  the  grade  requirements  of 
the  standard  applicable  to  such  wheat  if  it  were 
not  smutty,  except  that  (1)  smut  balls  shall  not 
be  considered  as  foreign  material  other  than 
dockage,  and  (2)  when  the  amount  of  smut 
present  is  so  great  that  any  one  or  more  of  the 
grade  requirements  of  the  grades  from  No.  1 
to  Xo.  5,  inclusive,  can  not  be  applied  accu- 
rately, the  wheat  shall  be  classified  as  Sample 
Grade.  For  all  grades  there  shall  be  added  to 
and  made  a  part  of  the  grade  designation  pre- 
ceding the  statement  of  dockage,  if  any,  the 
word  ''Smutty." 

WEEVILY  WHEAT 

Weevily  wheat. — Weevily  wheat  shall  be  all 
wheat  which  is  infested  with  live  weevils  or  other 
insects  injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Grades  for  weevily  wheat. — Weevily  wheat 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to  the 
grade  requirements  of  the  standards  applicable 
to  such  wheat  if  it  were  not  weevily,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the 
grade  designation  the  word  "Weevily." 
79885* — 28 2 


18  OFFICIAL   GRAIK    STANDARDS 

DEFINITIONS 

For  the  purpose  of  the  official  grain  standards 
of  the  United  States  for  wheat: 

Wheat. — Wheat  shall  be  any  grain  which 
before  the  removal  of  dockage  consists  of  50  per 
cent  or  more  of  wheat  and  when  free  from  dock- 
age contains  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  cereal 
grain  of  a  kind  or  kinds  other  than  wheat.  The 
term  wheat  in  these  standards  shall  not  in- 
clude emmer,  spelt,  einkorn,  Polish,  and  pou- 
lard wheat. 

Basis  of  determinations.— Each  determina- 
tion of  dockage,  moisture,  temperature,  odor, 
onions,  garlic,  and  live  weevils  or  other  insects 
injurious  to  stored  grain  shall  be  upon  the  basis 
of  the  grain  including  dockage.  All  other 
determinations  shall  be  upon  the  basis  of  the 
grain  when  free  from  dockage. 

Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the 
case  of  moisture,  shall  be  percentages  ascer- 
tained by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of 
moisture  in  wheat  shall  be  that  ascertained  by 
the  moisture  tester  and  the  method  of  use 
thereof  described  in  Circular  No.  72  and  supple- 
ment thereto,  issued  by  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  or  ascertained  by  any  device  and 
method  giving  equivalent  results. 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — Test  weight  per 
bushel  shall  be  the  weight  per  Winchester 
bushel  as  determined  by  the  testing  apparatus 
and  the  method  of  use  thereof  described  in  Bui- 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  10 

letin  No.  472,  dated  October  30,  1916,  issued  by 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  or 
as  determined  by  any  device  and  method  giving 
equivalent  results. 

Note.— Under  regulations  pursuant  to  the  United  States 
grain  standards  Act,  licensed  inspectors  are  required  to  state 
under  "  Remarks"  in  all  certificates  issued  by  them  for  wheat, 
unless  issued  for  an  export  shipment,  the  test  weight  per  bushel 
in  whole  pounds  and  tenths  of  a  pound  . 

Dockage. — Dockage  includes  sand,  dirt, 
weed  seeds,  weed  stems,  chaff,  straw,  grain 
other  than  wheat,  and  any  other  foreign  material 
which  can  be  removed  readily  from  the  wheat  by 
the  use  of  appropriate  sieves,  cleaning  devices, 
or  other  practical  means  suited  to  separate  the 
foreign  material  present;  also  undeveloped, 
shriveled,  and  small  pieces  of  wheat  kernels 
removed  in  properly  separating  the  foreign 
material,  and  which  can  not  be  recovered  by 
properly  rescreening  or  recleaning.  The  quan- 
tity of  dockage  shall  be  calculated  in  terms  of 
percentage  based  on  the  total  weight  of  the 
grain  including  the  dockage.  The  percentage 
of  dockage  so  calculated,  when  equal  to  1  per 
cent  or  more,  shall  be  stated  in  terms  of  whole 
per  cent,  and  when  less  than  1  per  cent  shall  not 
be  stated.  A  fraction  of  a  per  cent  shall  be 
disregarded.  The  percentage  of  dockage,  so 
determined  and  stated,  shall  be  added  to  the 
grade  designation. 

Foreign  material  other  than  dockage. — 
Foreign  material  other  than  dockage  shall  in- 
clude all  matter  other  than  wheat  which  is  not 


20  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

separated  from  the  wheat  in  the  proper  determi- 
nation of  dockage,  except  as  provided  in  the  case 
of  smutty  wheat. 

Cereal  grains. — Cereal  grains  shall  include 
rye,  barley,  emmer,  spelt,  einkorn,  Polish 
wheat,  poulard  wheat,  corn,  grain  sorghums, 
oats,  and  rice,  and  shall  not  include  buckwheat, 
flaxseed,  and  wild  oats. 

Heat-damaged  kernels.  —  Heat-damaged 
kernels  shall  be  kernels  and  pieces  of  kernels  of 
wheat  which  have  been  distinctly  discolored  by 
external  heat  or  as  a  result  of  heating  caused  by 
fermentation. 


SHELLED    CORN    STANDARDS 

CLASSES  OF  SHELLED  CORN 

Shelled  corn  shall  be  divided  into  three  classes, 
as  follows: 

WHITE  CORN 

This  class  shall  consist  of  corn  of  which  at 
least  98  per  cent  by  weight  of  the  kernels  are 
white.  A  slight  tinge  of  light  straw  color  or  of 
pink  on  kernels  of  corn  otherwise  white  shall 
not  affect  their  classification  as  white  corn. 

YELLOW  CORN 

This .  class  shall  consist  of  corn  of  which  at 
least  95  per  cent  by  weight  of  the  kernels  are 
yellow.  A  slight  tinge  of  red  on  kernels  of 
corn  otherwise  yellow  shall  not  affect  their 
classification  as  yellow  corn. 

MIXED  CORN 

This  class  shall  consist  of  corn  of  various 
colors  not  coming  within  the  limits  for  color 
as  provided  in  the  definitions  of  white  corn 
and  yellow  corn.  White-capped  yellow  kernels 
shall  be  classified  as  mixed  corn. 
22 


OFFICIAL   GRA1  \    STANDARDS 


23 


Shelled  corn 

Grade  requirements  for  white,  yellow,  and  mixed 


Grade  Xo. 


Mini- 
mum 
test 
weight 

per 
bushel 


1 

2 
3!~~~"~~~~"~~ 

4 

5 

6 

Sample  grade 


Lbs. 


Maximum  limits  of— 


Mois- 
ture 


Pet. 

14.0 
15.5 
17.5 
19.5 
21.5 
23.0 


Foreign 

material 

and 
cracked 


Pet. 


Damaged  corn 


Total 


Pet. 
2 
4 
6 
8 
10 
15 


Heat 
damage 


Pet. 


0.0 
.  1 
.3 
.  5 
1.0 
3.0 


Sample  grade  shall  be  white  corn,  or  yellow 
corn,  or  mixed  corn,  respectively,  which 
does  not  come  within  the  requirements 
of  any  of  the  grades  from  No.  1  to  Xo.  6, 
inclusive,  or  which  has  any  commercially 
objectionable  foreign  odor,  or  is  heating, 
hot,  or  is  otherwise  of  distinctly  low 
quality. 


(1)  The  corn  in  grades  Xos.  1  to  5,  inclusive,  shall  be  cool 
and  sweet. 

(2)  The  corn  in  grade  Xo.  6  shall  be  cool,  but  may  be 
musty  or  sour. 

WEEVILY  CORN 

Weevily  corn. — Weevily  corn  shall  be  all 
corn  that  is  infested  with  live  weevils  or  other 
insects  injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Grades  for  weevily  corn. — Weevily  corn 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to 
the  grade  requirements  of  the  standards  appli- 
cable to  such  corn  if  it  were  not  weevily,  and 
there  shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of, 
the  grade  designation  the  word  ''Weevily/' 


24  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

DEFINITIONS 

For  the  purposes  of  the  official  grain  standards 
of  the  United  States  for  shelled  corn  (maize) : 

Corn. — Corn  shall  be  shelled  corn  of  the  flint 
or  dent  varieties. 

Basis  of  determinations. — Each  determina- 
tion of  color,  damage,  and  heat  damage  shall  be 
upon  tlffe  basis  of  the  grain  after  the  removal  of 
foreign  material  and  cracked  corn  as  provided  in 
the  section  defining  foreign  material  and  cracked 
corn.  All  other  determinations  shall  be  upon 
the  basis  of  the  grain  including  such  foreign 
material  and  cracked  corn. 

Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the 
case  of  moisture,  shall  be  percentages  ascer- 
tained by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of 
moisture  in  corn  shall  be  that  ascertained  by  the 
moisture  tester  and  the  method  of  use  thereof 
described  in  Circular  No.  72  and  supplement 
thereto,  issued  by  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry, 
or  ascertained  by  any  device  and  method  giving 
equivalent  results. 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — Test  weight  per 
bushel  shall  be  the  weight  per  Winchester  bushel 
as  determined  by  the  testing  apparatus  and  the 
method  of  use  thereof  described  in  Bulletin  No. 
472,  dated  October  30,  1916,  issued  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  or  as 
determined  by  any  device  and  method  giving 
equivalent  results. 


OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS  25 

Foreign  material  and  cracked  corn. — For- 
eign material  and  cracked  corn  shall  be  kernels 
and  pieces  of  kernels  of  corn,  and  all  matter 
other  than  corn  which  will  pass  through  a  metal 
sieve  perforated  with  round  holes  twelve 
sixty-fourths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  all 
matter  other  than  corn  remaining  on  such  sieve 
after  screening. 

Heat-damaged  kernels. — Heat-damaged 
kernels  shall  be  kernels  and  pieces  of  kernels  of 
corn  which  have  been  distinctly  discolored  by 
external  heat  or  as  a  result  of  heating  caused  by 
fermentation. 


OATS  STANDARDS 

For  the  purposes  of  official  grain  standards  of 
the  United  States. 

Oats. — Oats  shall  be  any  grain  which  con- 
sists of  80  per  cent  or  more  of  cultivated  oats 
and  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  foreign 
material. 

Color  classification. — All  oats  shall  be 
designated  as  white,  red,  gray,  black,  or  mixed 
according  to  the  color  of  the  oats,  as  the  case 
may  be.  For  the  purposes  of  this  classification, 
white  oats  include  yellow  oats.  Oats  shall  be 
white,  red,  gray,  or  black,  respectively,  when 
they  consist  of  oats  of  such  color,  and  not  more 
than  10  per  cent  of  other  colors  of  cultivated 
and  wild  oats,  either  singly  or  in  any  combina- 
tion.   Mixed  oats  shall  be  all  other  oats. 

Grades. — All  oats  shall  be  graded  and  desig- 
nated as  No.  1,  No.  2,  No.  3,  No.  4,  or  Sample 
Grade,  white,  red,  gray,  black,  or  mixed,  as  the 
case  may  be,  according  to. the  respective  re- 
quirements thereof  as  specified  in  these  stand- 
ards, except  that  in  the  case  of  mixed  oats  the 
requirements  as  to  the  maximum  percentages 
of  other  colors  shall  be  disregarded. 
26 


IAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Oats 


27 


/.   gray,   Mark. 
ar> 


—          § 

eg 

n  iition  and 
Grade               general 

- 

11 

- 

3 

- 

2 

—  — 

1! 

-- 

appearance  ! 

_~    —  ■: 

£ 

8 

*S 

3  * 

— 

•3 

c 

| 

q 

3 

= 

- 

— 

r 

^ 

O 

Not  to  exceed— 

» 1     ShaU  be  cool  and 

:tt^:  --:■-.:?:-,; 

£fe 

Pd. 

Pet. 

P:v 

Prt. 

P.-. 

2     Shall  be'coorand 

_ 

96 

2 

a 

'2 

:.  and  may 
be  slightly  staine'd 

29 

95 

.3 

2 

3 

*5 

3     Shall  be  cool  and 

sweet,  and  may 

be     stained     or 

slightly     weath- 

ered  

26 

BO 

LO 

3 

■ 

10 

4 

Shall  be  cool,  and 

may  be  musty. 

weathered,  or 

badly  stained 

23 

N 

r.O 

5 

10 

10 

Sample 

grade. 


Shall  be  white,  red,  gray,  black,  or  mixed  oats,  re- 
spectively, which  do  not  come  within  the  require- 
ments of  any  of  the  grades  from  No.  1  tc 
inclusive,  or  which  have  any  commercially  objec- 
tionable foreign  odor,  or  are  heating,  hot,  sour,  or 
are  otnerwise  of  distinctly  low  quality. 


1  The  percentage  of  moisture  in  grades  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3  shall 
not  exceed  14^,  and  in  grade  No.  4  shall  not  exceed  16. 

*  In  the  case  of  white  oats,  No.  1  shall  be  cool  and 
and  of  good  white  or  creamy  white  color. 

3  Foot  per  cent  of  other  colors  allowed  in  No.  1  red,  gray, 
or  black  oats.    This  column  does  not  apply  to  mixed  oats 

*  Ten  per  cent  of  other  colors  allowed  in  No.  2  red,    gray, 
or  black  oats. 


28  OFFICIAL   GRAIN   STANDARDS 

GRADES   FOR  BLEACHED  AND  WEEVILY 
OATS 

BLEACHED  OATS 

Bleached  oats. — Bleached  oats  shall  be  oats 
which,  in  whole  or  in  part,  have  been  treated  by 
the  use  of  sulphurous  acid  or  other  bleaching 
chemicals. 

Grades  for  bleached  oats. — Bleached  oats 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to  the 
grade  requirements  of  the  standards  applicable 
to  such  oats  if  they  were  not  bleached,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  such 
grade  designation  the  word  "  Bleached." 

WEEVILY  OATS 

Weevily  oats. — Weevily  oats  shall  be  all  oats 
which  are  infested  with  live  weevils  or  other 
insects  injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Grades  for  weevily  oats. — Weevily  oats 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to  the 
grade  requirements  of  the  standards  applicable 
to  such  oats  if  they  were  not  weevily,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the  grade 
designation  the  word  "  Weevily." 


:  [GIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

DEFINITIONS 

Basis  of  determinations. — All  determina- 
tions shall  be  upon  the  basis  of  the  lot  of  grain 
as  a  whole,  including  foreign  material,  other 
grains,  and  wild  oats. 

Percentages. — Percentages,    except    in    the 
case   of  moisture,    shall   be   percej 
tained  by  weight. 

Percentage    of    moisture. — I  _e    of 

moisture  in  oats  shall  be  ascertained  by  the 
moisture  tester  and  the  method  of  use  thereof 
described  in  Circular  N  .  72,  and  supple:.. 
thereto,  issued  by  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture.  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry, 
except  that  the  graduated  measuring  cylinder 
used  shall  be  that  described  in  Departme:. 
Agriculture  Bulletin  N  :ch  perce:: 

shall  be  ascertained  by  any  device  and  method 
giving  equivalent  results. 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — Test  weight  per 
bushel  shall  be  the  test  weight  pes  Winchester 
bushel  as  determined  by  sting  appa: 

and  the  method   of   use   thereof   described   in 
Bulletin  No.  472,  iated  October  30.  1916,  issued 
by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agrieull 
or  as  determined  by  any  device  and  method 
giving  equivalent  results. 

Note.— Under  regulations  pursuant  to  the  United  - 
grain  standards  Act,  licensed  inspectors  are  required  r 
under  "Remarks"  in  all  certificates  issued  by  them  for  oats, 
unless  issued  for  an  export  shipment,  the  test  weight  per 
bushel  in  terms  of  whole  and  half  pounds.  For  this  purpose  a 
fraction  of  a  pound  when  equal  to  or  greater  than  a  half  shall 
be  treated  as  a  half,  and  when  less  than  a  half  shall  be  dis- 
regarded. 


30  OFFICIAL   GRAIN   STANDARDS 

Foreign  material. — Foreign  material  shall 
be  all  matter  other  than  grains  and  pieces  of 
grains  of  cultivated  oats,  except  other  grains 
and  wild  oats,  and  shall  include  oats  clippings. 

Other  grains. — Other  grains  shall  include 
wheat,  corn,  rye,  barley,  emmer,  spelt,  einkorn, 
grain  sorghums,  rice,  cultivated  buckwheat,  and 
flaxseed  only. 

Sound  cultivated  oats. — Sound  cultivated 
oats  shall  be  all  grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of 
cultivated  oats  which  are  not  heat-damaged, 
sprouted,  frosted,  badly  ground-damaged,  badly- 
weather  damaged,  or  otherwise  distinctly 
damaged. 

Heat-damaged  grains.  —  Heat-damaged 
grains  shall  be  grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of 
cultivated  oats,  other  grains,  or  wild  oats,  which 
have  been  distinctly  discolored  or  damaged 
by  external  heat  or  as  a  result  of  heating  caused 
by  fermentation. 


32  OFFICIAL  GRAIN   STANDARDS 


FEED  OATS  STANDARDS 

For  the  purpose  of  official  grain  standards 
of  the  United  States  for  feed  oats: 

Feed  oats. — Feed  oats  shall  be  any  grain 
which  consists  of  30  per  cent  or  more  but  less 
than  80  per  cent  of  cultivated  oats;  may  con- 
tain not  more  than  25  per  cent  of  other  grains; 
and  may  contain  not  more  than  10  per  cent 
of  foreign  material,  which  10  per  cent  may 
include  not  more  than  5  per  cent  of  fine  seeds. 
Feed  oats  shall  consist  of  not  less  than  65 
per  cent  of  oats,  which  may  include  wild  oats. 

Grades. — All  feed  oats  shall  be  graded  and 
designated  as  No.  1,  No.  2,  No.  3,  or  Sample 
Grade,  feed  oats,  as  the  case  may  be,  accord- 
ing to  the  respective  requirements  thereof  as 
specified  in  these  standards. 

Bleached  feed  oats. — Bleached  feed  oats 
shall  be  feed  oats  which  in  whole  or  in  part 
have  been  treated  by  the  use  of  sulphurous 
acid  or  other  bleaching  chemicals. 

Bleached  feed  oats  shall  be  graded  and  des- 
ignated according  to  the  grade  requirements 
of  the  standards  applicable  to  such  feed  oats 
if  they  were  not  bleached,  and  there  shall  be 
added  to  and  made  a  part  of  the  grade  desig- 
nation the  word  "Bleached." 


L   GRAIN    STANDARDS  33 

FEED    OATS 
Grade  requirements  for  feed  oats 


__ 

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P.rf.  P.c*.  P.  a'.  P.c:. 
be    slightly 
stained 32 

May  be  stained 29 

be  badly  stained 
or  weathered |    26 

Sample  grade  feed  oats  shall  be  feed  oats  which  do 
not  come  within  the  requirements  of  any  of  the 
grades  from  No.  1  to  No.  3.  inclusive,  or  which 
have  any  commercially  objectionable  foreign 
odor,  or  are  musty,  sour,  heating,  hot,  or  are 
otherwise  of  distinctly  low  quality. 


30 


B 


6 


1  The  percentage  of  moisture  in  grades  Nob.  1,  2,  and  3  shall 
not  exceed  14.5. 

i  The  feed  oats  in  grades  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3,  shall  be  cool, 
6weet,  and  commercially  sound. 

7  3 


34  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Weevily  feed  oats. — Weevily  feed  oats  shall 
be  all  feed  oats  which  are  infested  with  live 
weevils  or  other  insects  injurious  to  stored 
grain. 

Weevily  feed  oats  shall  be  graded  and  des- 
ignated according  to  the  grade  requirements 
of  the  standards  applicable  to  such  feed  oats 
if  they  were  not  weevily,  and  there  shall  be 
added  to  and  made  a  part  of  the  grade  desig- 
nation the  word  "Weevily." 

Basis  of  determinations. — All  determina- 
tions shall  be  upon  the  basis  of  the  lot  of 
grain  as  a  whole,  including  foreign  material, 
other  grains,  and  wild  oats. 

Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the 
case  of  moisture,  shall  be  percentages  ascer- 
tained by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of 
moisture  in  feed  oats  shall  be  ascertained  by 
the  moisture  tester  and  the  method  of  use 
thereof  described  in  Circular  No.  72,  and  sup- 
plement thereto,  issued  by  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  except  that  the  graduated  measur- 
ing cylinder  used  shall  be  that  described  in 
Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin  No.  56; 
or  such  percentage  shall  be  ascertained  by  any 
device  and  method  giving  equivalent  results. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN     -  I  ANDARDfi 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — Test   weight  per 

bushel  shall  be  the  weight  per  Winchester 
bushel  as  determined  by  the  testing  apparatus 
aud  the  method  of  use  thereof  described  in 
Bulletin  N  "_  iated  October  30,  1916, 
issued  by  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  or  as  determined  by  any  device 
and  method  giving  equivalent  results. 

—Under  regulations  pursuant  to  the  Unite : 
n  lards   act,   licensed  in  lired   to 

state  under  "Remarks,"  in  all  certificates  issued  by  them 
for  feed  oats,  unless  issued  for  an  export  shipment,  the 
test  weight  per  bushel  in  terms  of  whole  and  half  pounds. 
For  this  purpose  a  fraction  of  a  pound  when  equal  to  or 
greater  than  a  half  shall  be  treated  as  a  half,  and  when  less 
than  a  half  shall  be  disregarded. 

Foreign  material. — Foreign  material  shall 
be  all  matter  other  than  grains  and  pieces  <J 
grains  of  c  except  other  grains 

and  wild  oats,  and  shall  include  oat  clip 

Other  grains. — Other  grains  shall  include 
wheat,  corn,  rye,  barley,  emmer,  spelt,  ein- 
korn,  grain  sorghums,  and  cultivated  buck- 
wheat. 

Heat  -  damaged  grains. — Heat  -  damaged 
grains  shall  be  grains  and  pieces  of  gnu 
cultivated  oats,  wild  oats,  or  other  grains, 
which  have  been  distinctly  discolored  or 
damaged  by  external  heat  or  as  a  result  of 
heating  caused  by  fermentation. 


MIXED  FEED  OATS 
STANDARDS 

For  the  purpose  of  official  grain  standards 
of  the  United  States  for  mixed  feed  oats: 

Mixed  feed  oats. — Mixed  feed  oats  shall  be 
any  grain  which  consists  of  less  than  30  per 
cent  of  cultivated  oats  but  not  less  than  65 
per  cent  of  cultivated  and  wild  oats  com- 
bined; may  contain  not  more  than  25  per 
cent  of  other  grains;  and  may  contain  not 
more  than  10  per  cent  of  foreign  material 
which  10  per  cent  may  include  not  more 
than  5  per  cent  of  fine  seeds. 

Grades. — All  mixed  feed  oats  shall  be 
graded  and  designated  as  No.  1,  No.  2,  No. 
3,  or  Sample  Grade,  mixed  feed  oats,  as  the 
case  may  be,  according  to  the  respective 
requirements  thereof  as  specified  in  these 
standards. 

Bleached  mixed  feed  oats. — Bleached  mixed 
feed  oats  shall  be  mixed  feed  oats  which  in 
whole  or  in  part  have  been  treated  by  the 
use  of  sulphurous  acid  or  other  bleaching 
chemicals. 

Bleached  mixed  feed  oats  shall  be  graded 
and  designated  according  to  the  grade  re- 
quirements of  the  standards  applicable  to 
such  mixed  feed  oats  if  they  were  not  bleached, 
and  there  shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a 
part  of,  the  grade  designation  the  word 
"  Bleached." 
36 


MIXED    FEED    OATS 
Grade  requirements  for  mixed  feed  oats 


_ 

■=  -      -    .--.m 

- 

-  -      :   i:^:.a. 

- 

- 

-  ■_ 

§ 

s- 

Qndfl 

General  appearance  - 

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■- 

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■- 

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May  be  slightly  stained 32 

2 

May  be  stained. 29 

4 

:.-; 

5 

10 

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feed 


m  —:.  kLi  HHimifMriiDy  mmd. 


38  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Weevily  mixed  feed  oats. — Weevily  mixed 
feed  oats  shall  be  all  mixed  feed  oats  which 
are  infested  with  live  weevils  or  other  insects 
injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Weevily  mixed  feed  oats  shall  be  graded 
and  designated  according  to  the  grade  re- 
quirements of  the  standards  applicable  to 
such  mixed  feed  oats  if  they  were  not  weevily, 
and  there  shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a 
part  of,  the  grade  designation  the  word 
"Weevily." 

Basis  of  determinations. — All  determina- 
tions shall  be  upon  the  basis  of  the  lot  of  grain 
as  a  whole,  including  foreign  material,  other 
grains,  and  wild  oats. 

Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the 
case  of  moisture,  shall  be  percentages  ascer- 
tained by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of 
moisture  in  mixed  feed  oats  shall  be  ascer- 
tained by  the  moisture  tester  and  the  method 
of  use  thereof  described  in  Circular  No.  72, 
and  supplement  thereto,  issued  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry,  except  that  the  graduated 
measuring  cylinder  used  shall  be  that  de- 
scribed in  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin 
No.  56;  or  such  percentage  shall  be  ascertained 
by  any  device  and  method  giving  equivalent 
results. 


Tes:  weight  per  bushel. — T 
bushel  shall  be  t 
bushe 

and  the  method  of  ed  in 

Bulletin    No.    472.    dated   October   30,    1916, 
I  by  the  I  51  ..rtrnent  of 

Agriculture 
and  method  giving  equ:  Bolts. 

under  "Remarks"  in  all  certificates  issued  by  the 

z..iri  '.r  :  :i:.f.  .m".r55  is-f-ei  :'::  iz.  ei;:::  sJiiri^rz:    :n~ 

F::  :in5   :u:::i:  :■.  f ::,:::   :.    : :'  :.  :     iz. :  ~ _fz  f:^'.  ::    :: 
greater  than  a  half  shall  be  treated  as  a  half,  and  when  less 

F:  reign   material. — Foreign    m&fl 
be  all  matter  other  than  grains  and  pic 
grains  of  cultivated 
and  wild  oat  shall  include  oa~ 

Other   grains. — Other   g  tall  include 

wheat,     corn,     rye,     barley,     emu 
einkorn,  grain  sorghums,  and  cultivated  buck- 
wheat. 

He  a:  -  damaged     grains. — Heat  -  damaged 
grains  shall  be  grains  and  pie 
cultivated  oats,   wild   oa:s       :    other    g 
which    have    been  -colored    or 

damaged  t  al  heat  or  soli  of 

heating   cu 


RYE  STANDARDS 

For  the  purposes  of  the  official  grain  stand- 
ards of  the  United  States  for  rye: 

Rye. — Rye  shall  be  any  grain  which,  before 
removal  of  dockage,  consists  of  50  per  cent  or 
more  of  rye,  and  when  free  from  dockage  con- 
tains not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  cereal  grain 
of  a  kind  or  kinds  other  than  rye. 

Grades. — All  rye  shall  be  graded  and  desig- 
nated No.  1,  No.  2,  No.  3,  No.  4,  or  Sample 
Grade,  as  the  case  may  be,  according  to  the  re- 
spective requirements  thereof  as  specified  in 
these  standards. 

GRADES  FOR  GARLICKY,  WEEVILY,  ER- 
GOTY,  AND  SMUTTY  RYE 

GARLICKY  RYE 

Garlicky  rye. — Garlicky  rye  shall  be  all  rye 
which  has  an  unmistable  odor  of  garlic  or  wild 
onions  or  which  contains  garlic  or  wild-onion 
bulblets  in  a  quantity  equal  to  one  or  more 
bulblets  in  1,000  grams  of  rye. 

Grades  for  garlicky  rye. — Garlicky  rye  shall 
be  graded  and  designated  according  to  the  grade 
requirements  of  the  standards  applicable  to 
such  rye  if  it  were  not  garlicky,  and  there  shall 
be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the  grade 
designation  the  word  "Garlicky." 
40 


IAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Rye 
Grade  reguin  ~ye 


41 


Mini- 
mum 

weight 

per 
bushel 

imum  lining 

Grade  Xo. 

ture 

Damaged  ker- 
nels 

Foreign  mate- 
rial other  than 
dock 

and 
other 

grains) 

and 
other 

Total 

Foreign 

matter 

other 

than 

wheat 

1 

"■ 
54 

•_ 
4y 

Pet. 

14 
15 

16 

Pet.         P 
2 
4 

7                              10 
15           3.  U  !          10 

1 

■1 

3 

- 

_ 

4 

I  a  in  p  1  v  Sample  grade  rye  shall  be  all  rye  which  does  not 
come  within  any  of  the  grades  from  Xos.  l  to  4. 
.  or  which  has  any  commercially  objec- 
tionable foreign  odor  except  of  smut,  garlic,  or 
wild  onions,  or  is  very  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot.  or 
otherwise  of  distinctly  low  quality,  or  contains 
small,  inse; 


The  rye  in  grades  Xos.  1  to  3  shall  be  cool  and  of  natural 

.     The  rye  in  grade  Xo.  4  shall  be  cool  but  may  be  mm 
slightly  sour. 


4-  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

WEEVILY   RYE 

Weevily  rye. — V  rye 

h  is  infested  with  live  weevils  or  other  in- 
sects injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Grades  for  weevily  rye. — Weevily  rye  shall 
be  graded  and  designated  according  to 
requirements  of  the  standards  applicable  to  such 
rye  if  it  were  not  weevily,  and  1  be  add- 

ed to,  and  made  a  part  of.  the  grade  designation 
the  word  "'  Weevily." 

ERGOTY   RYE 

Ergoty  rye. — Ergoty  rye  shall  be  all  rye 
which,  after  the  removal  of  dockage,  contains 
ergot  in  excess  of  0.3  per  cent. 

Grades  for  ergoty  rye. — I  all  be 

graded  and  design:  the  grade 

requ::  iicable  to  such 

rye  if  it  were  not  ergoty,  and  there  shall  be  added 
to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the  grade  designation 
the  word  "  Ergoty. ' 

SMUTTY  RYE 

Smutty  rye. — >r_.  rye 

which  has  an  unmistakable  odor  of  smut,  or 
which  contains  spo:  rtions  of  t 

:   smut  -  of  a  qua:  lal  to  two 

balls  of  average  size  in  50  gram- 

Grades  for  smutty  rye. — .Sri. 
be  graded  and  ording  to  the  grade 

requi:  :  the  standards  applica: 

3  not  smutty,  and  there  shall  be 
added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the  grade  < 
nation  the  word  "Smut 


DEFINITIONS 

Basis  of  determinations. — Each  deterr:.. 
of  dockage,  moisture,  tempt  -dor, 

-    garlic,  and 
injuri      s  to  si  I  be  upon  I 

of    the    grain    including    c 
determinal  LI  be  upon  the  bt 

grain  when  free  :  ^age. 

Percentages. — Percei 

_ 
i  by  weight. 
Percentage    of    moisture. — P< 
moisture  in  rye   shall   I 

the   moisture    (  1   the   method   of  use 

thereof  described  u  72,  -  ipple- 

part ment  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant  Indus- 

letermine 
giving  equivalent  re~ 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — 
_ 
Lei  as  determined  I  ;■  fcesl 

and   the   method  -  ribed  in 

Bullet  172,  dated  October  30,  1916,  issued 

by  t :  of  Agriculture, 

or  as  determined  e  and  method 

giving  equ: 

i  -V::::    :^i:.:.::>   :.'ir?-.z 

; 
under  in  all  certificates  issued  by  tbem  for  rye. 


44  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Cereal  grains. — Cereal  grains  shall  include 
wheat,  barley,  emmer,  spelt,  einkorn,  corn, 
grain  sorghums,  oats  and  rice  only,  and  shall 
not  include  nongrain  sorghums,  buckwheat, 
flaxseed,  and  wild  oats. 

Damaged  kernels. — Damaged  kernels  shall 
be  all  grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of  rye  and 
other  grains  which  are  heat  damaged,  sprouted, 
frosted,  badly  ground  damaged,  badly  weather 
damaged,  or  otherwise  distinctly  damaged. 

Heat- damaged  kernels. — Heat-damaged 
kernels  shall  be  kernels  and  pieces  of  kernels  of 
rye  and  other  grains  which  have  been  distinctly 
discolored  by  external  heat  or  as  a  result  of 
heating  caused  by  fermentation. 

Foreign  material  other  than  dockage. — 
Foreign  material  other  than  dockage  shall  in- 
clude all  matter  other  than  rye,  which  is  not 
separated  from  the  rye  in  the  proper  determina- 
tion of  dockage. 

Dockage. — Dockage  includes  sand,  dirt, 
weed  seeds,  weed  stems,  chaff,  straw,  grain 
other  than  rye,  and  any  other  foreign  material, 
which  can  be  removed  readily  from  the  rye  by 
the  use  of  appropriate  sieves,  cleaning  devices, 
or  other  practical  means  suited  to  separate  the 
foreign  material  present;  also  undeveloped, 
shriveled,  and  small  pieces  of  rye  kernels  which 
are  removed  in  properly  separating  the  foreign 
material,  and  which  can  not  be  recovered  by 
properly  rescreening  or  recleaning. 

The  quantity  of  dockage  shall  be  calculated 
in  terms  of  percentage  based  on  the  total  weight 


ff  fi  KM  45 

of  the  grain  including  the  dockage.  The  per- 
centage of  dockage  so  calculated,  when  equal  to 
1  per  cent  or  more,  shall  be  stated  in  ten: 
whole  per  cent,  and  when  less  than  1  per 
shall  not  be  stated.  A  fraction  of  a  per  cent 
shall  be  disregarded.  The  percentage  of  dock- 
age, so  determined  and  stated,  shall  be  added  to 
the  grade  designation. 


BARLEY  STANDARDS 

For  the  purposes  of  the  official  grain  stand- 
ards of  the  United  .States  for  barL 

Barley. — Barley  shall  be  any  grain  which 
consists  of  50  per  cent  or  more  of  barley,  and 
contains  not  more  than  25  per  cent  of  cereal 
grains  of  a  kind  or  kinds  other  than  barley. 
The  term  barley  in  these  standards  shall  not 
include  hull-less  barley. 

Note. — Barley  for  the  purposes  of  the  standards  is  divided 
into  classes  and  subclasses  as  :'  isfl  I  Barley; 

II  Western  B  Western 

and  (b)  Western;    Class  III  Two-Rowed — divided  into  sub- 
classes (a)  Bright  Two-Rowed  and  'I,  Two-Rowed:    C.  i 
Black  Barley;  and  Mixed  Bar! 
Note. — Barley  grown  west  of  the  Great  Plains  area  of  the 
s  will  be  inspected  and  graded  on  a  "dockage" 
Barley  grown  east  of  tl  .Mountains  will  be 

ted  and  graded  under  a  system  of  grading  which 
not  provide  for  "dockage." 

47 


48  OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

BARLEY  (CLASS  I) 

This  class  shall  include  all  white  (glumes) 
barley  grown  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  may  include  not  more  than  10  per  cent 
of  other  barley  or  barleys. 

Grades  for  barley  (Class  I). — The  class 
barley  shall  be  divided  into  seven  grades  as 
follows : 

No.  1  Barley. 
Special  No.  2  Barley. 
No.  2  Barley. 
No.  3  Barley. 
No.  4  Barley. 
No.  1  Feed  Barley. 
Sample  Grade  Barley. 


OFIICIAI.  GRAIN    STANDARDS 


49 


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50  OFFICIAL  GRAIN"  STANDARDS 

WESTERN  BARLEY   (CLASS  II) 

This  class  shall  include  the  white  (glumes) 
6-rowed  barley  grown  west  of  the  Great  Plains 
area  of  the  United  States,  and  may  include 
not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other  barley  or 
barleys.  This  class  shall  be  divided  into  two 
subclasses  as  follows : 

Subclass  (a)  Bright  Western. — This  sub- 
class shall  include  barley  of  the  class  Western 
Barley  which  has  a  good  color  (bright). 

Subclass  (b)  Western. — This  subclass  shall 
include  barley  of  the  class  Western  Barley 
which  is  stained,  weathered,  or  discolored  in 
any  manner. 

Grades  for  Western  Barley. — The  sub- 
classes Bright  Western  and  Western  shall  be 
divided  into  nine  grades  for  each  subclass  as 
follows : 

FOR  SUBCLASS  BRIGHT   WESTERN 

No.  1  Choice  Bright  Western. 

No.  1  Bright  Western. 

No.  2  Choice  Bright  Western. 

No.  2  Bright  Western. 

No.  3  Choice  Bright  Western. 

No.  3  Bright  Western. 

No.  4  Bright  Western. 

No.  5  Bright  Wrestern. 

Sample  Grade  Bright  Western. 

FOR  SUBCLASS  WESTERN 

No.  1  Choice  Western. 

No.  1  Western. 

No.  2  Choice  Western. 

No.  2  Western. 

No.  3  Choice  Western. 

No.  3  Western. 

No.  4  Western. 

No.  5  Western. 

Sample  Grade  Western. 


[AL  GRAIN    STANDARDS 


51 


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52  OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

TWO-ROWED  BARLEY  (CLASS  III) 

This  class  shall  include  the  white  (glumes) 
2-rowed  barley,  grown  west  of  the  Great 
Plains  area  of  the  United  States  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other 
barley  or  barleys.  This  class  shall  be  divided 
into  two  subclasses  as  follows: 

Subclass  (a)  Bright  Two-Rowed. — This  sub- 
class shall  include  barley  of  the  class  Two- 
Rowed  Barley  which  has  a  good  color  (bright). 

Subclass  (b)  Two-Rowed. — This  subclass 
shall  include  barley  of  the  class  Two-Rowed 
Barley  which  is  stained,  weathered,  or  dis- 
colored in  any  manner. 

Grades  for  Two-Rowed  Barley. — The  sub- 
classes Bright  Two-Rowed  and  Two-Rowed 
shall  be  divided  into  nine  grades  for  each 
subclass  as  follows: 

FOR  SUBCLASS  BRIGHT  TWO-ROWED 

No.  1  Choice  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No.  1  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No.  2  Choice  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No.  2  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No  3  Choice  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No.  3  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No.  4  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

No.  5  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

Sample  Grade  Bright  Two-Rowed. 

FOR  SUBCLASS  TWO-ROWED 

No.  1  Choice  Two-Rowed. 

No.  1  Two- Rowed. 

No.  2  Choice  Two-Rowed. 

No.  2  Two-Rowed. 

No.  3  Choice  Two-Rowed. 

No.  3  Two-Rowed. 

No.  4  Two-Rowed. 

No.  5  Two-Rowed. 

Sample  Grade  Two-Rowed. 


OFFICIAL  GRAIN   STANDARDS 


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54  OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

BLACK  BARLEY  (CLASS  IV) 

This  class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  black 
barley,  and  may  include  not  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  other  barley  or  barleys. 

Grades  for  black  barley. — The  class  Black 
Barley  shall  be  divided  into  six  grades  as 
follows : 

No.  1  Black  Barley. 

No.  2  Black  Barley. 

No.  3  Black  Barley. 

No.  4  Black  Barley. 

No.  1  Black  Feed  Barley. 

Sample  Grade  Black  Barley. 


OFFICIAL  GRAIN   STANDARDS  55 

BLACK  BARLEY 

Grade  requirements  for  class  Black  barley 


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Feed. 

Sample  Grade:  Shall  be  barley  which  does  not  come  within 
the  requirements  of  any  of  the  grades  from  No.  1  to  No.  4, 
inclusive,  or  No.  1  Black  Feed,  or  which  has  any  commer- 
cially objectionable  foreign  odor,  except  of  smut,  or  is  musty, 
sour,  heating,  hot,  or  contains  stones  or  is  otherwise  of  dis- 
tinctly lew  quality. 

1  The  barley  in  each  grade  above  Sample  Grade  shall  be 
cool  and  sweet. 

2  The  barley  in  each  grade  above  Sample  Grade  may  con- 
tain not  over  14.5  per  cent  of  moisture. 


56  OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

GRADES  FOR  MIXED,  BLEACHED, 
GARLICKY,  WEEVILY,  AND  SMUTTY 
BARLEY 

MIXED  BARLEY 

Mixed  barley. — Mixed  barley  shall  be  any 
mixture  of  barley  not  provided  for  in  the 
Classes  I  to  IV,  inclusive. 

Mixed  barley  shall  be  graded  according  to 
each  of  the  grade  requirements  common  to 
the  class  of  the  barley  which  predominates 
over  each  other  class  in  the  mixture,  except 
that  all  of  the  grade  requirements  in  any 
class  as  to  the  maximum  percentages  of  other 
barleys  shall  be  disregarded.  The  grade  des- 
ignation of  mixed  barley  shall  include,  suc- 
cessively, in  the  order  named,  the  number  of 
the  grade  (including  the  word  " Special"  or 
"Feed"  when  applicable),  or  the  words 
"  Sample  Grade,"  as  the  case  may  be,  the 
word  "  Mixed,"  and,  in  the  order  of  its  pre- 
dominance, the  name  and  approximate  per- 
centage of  each  class  of  barley  which  consti- 
tutes 10  per  cent  or  more  of  the  mixture;  but 
if  only  one  class  exceeds  10  per  cent  of  the 
mixture,  the  name  and  approximate  percent- 
age of  that  class  shall  be  added  to  the  grade 
designation,  followed  by  the  name  and  ap- 
proximate   percentage    of    at    least    one    other 

class. 

BLEACHED  BARLEY 

Bleached  barley. — Bleached  barley  shall  be 
barley  which  in  whole  or  in  part  has  been 
treated  by  the  use  of  sulphurous  acid  or  other 
bleaching  chemicals. 


OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS  57 

Bleached  barley  shall  be  graded  and  desig- 
nated according  to  the  standards  applicable  to 
such  barley  if  it  were  not  bleached,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the 
grade  designation  the  word  "Bleached." 

GARLICKY  BARLEY 

Garlicky  barley. — Garlicky  barley  shall  be 
all  barley  which  has  an  unmistakable  odor  of 
garlic  or  wild  onions,  or  which  contains  garlic 
or  wild  onion  bulblets  in  a  quantity  equal  to 
one  or  more  bulblets  in  one  thousand  grams  of 
barley. 

Garlicky  barley  shall  be  graded  and  desig- 
nated according  to  the  grade  requirements  of 
the  standards  applicable  to  such  barley  if  it 
were  not  garlicky,  and  there  shall  be  added  to, 
and  made  a  part  of,  its  grade  designation  the 
word  " Garlicky." 

WEEVILY  BARLEY 

Weevily  barley. — Weevily  barley  shall  be  all 
barley  which  is  infested  with  live  weevils  or  other 
insects  injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Weevily  barley  shall  be  graded  and  desig- 
nated according  to  the  grade  requirements  of 
the  standards  applicable  to  such  barley  if  it 
were  not  weevily,  and  there  shall  be  added  to, 
and  made  a  part  of,  the  grade  designation,  the 
word  "  Weevily.' ' 

SMUTTY  BARLEY 

Smutty  barley. — Smutty  barley  shall  be  all 
barley  which  has  an  unmistakable  odor  of 
smut,  or  which  has  the  kernels  covered  with 
smut  spores,  or  which  contains  smut  masses 
in  excess  of  a  quantity  equal  to  0.2  per  cent. 


58  OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

Smutty  barley  shall  be  graded  and  desig- 
nated according  to  the  grade  requirements 
of  the  standards  applicable  to  such  barley  if 
it  were  not  smutty,  except  that  when  the 
amount  of  smut  present  is  so  great  that  one  or 
more  of  the  grade  requirements  of  the  numer- 
ical grades  can  not  be  applied  accurately, 
the  barley  shall  be  classified  as  Sample  Grade. 
For  all  grades  there  shall  be  added  to,  and 
made  a  part  of,  the  grade  designation,  pre- 
ceding the  statement  of  dockage,  if  any,  the 
word  "Smutty." 

Basis  of  determinations. — (a)  In  the  case 
of  barley  grown  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
each  determination  shall  be  upon  the  basis 
of  the  lot  of  grain  as  a  whole,  including  foreign 
material,  wild  oats,  and  cereal  grains,  (b)  In 
the  case  of  barley  grown  west  of  the  Great 
Plains  area  of  the  United  States  each  deter- 
mination of  smut,  dockage,  moisture,  tempera- 
ture, odor,  and  live  weevils  or  other  insects  in- 
jurious to  stored  grain  shall  be  upon  the  basis 
of  the  grain  including  dockage.  All  other 
determinations  shall  be  upon  the  basis  of  the 
grain  when  free  from  dockage. 

Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the 
case  of  moisture,  shall  be  percentages  ascer- 
tained  by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of 
moisture  in  barley  shall  be  that  ascertained  by 
the  moisture  tester  and  the  method  of  use  there- 
of described  in  Bulletin  1375,  dated  February, 
1926,  issued  by  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture,  or  ascertained  by  any  device 
and  method  giving  equivalent  results. 


OFFICIAL  GRAIN   STANDARDS  59 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — Test  weight  per 
bushel  shall  be  the  test  weight  per  Winchester 
bushel,  as  determined  by  the  testing  apparatus 
and  the  method  of  use  thereof  as  described  in 
Bulletin  No.  1065,  dated  May  18,  1922,  issued 
by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, or  as  determined  by  any  device  and 
method  giving  equivalent  results. 

Note.— Under  regulations  pursuant  to  the  United  States 
grain  standards  Act,  licensed  inspectors  are  required  to  state 
under  "Remarks"  in  all  certificates  issued  by  them  for  bar- 
ley, unless  issued  for  an  export  shipment,  the  test  weight 
per  bushel  in  terms  of  whole  and  half  pounds.  For  this  pur- 
pose a  fraction  of  a  pound  when  equal  to  or  greater  than  a 
half  shall  be  treated  as  a  half,  and  when  less  than  a  half  shall 
be  disregarded . 

Dockage. — In  the  case  of  barley  grown 
west  of  the  Great  Plains  area  of  the  United 
States,  dockage  includes  weed  seeds  and  other 
foreign  material  except  cereal  grains  and  wild 
oats  which  can  be  removed  readily  from  the 
barley  by  the  use  of  appropriate  sieves;  also 
undeveloped,  shriveled,  and  small  pieces  of 
barley  kernels  removed  in  properly  separating 
the  foreign  material  specified  and  which  can- 
not be  recovered  by  properly  rescreening  or 
recleaning.  The  quantity  of  dockage  shall  be 
calculated  in  terms  of  percentage  based  on  the 
total  weight  of  the  grain  including  the  dock- 
age. The  percentage  of  dockage  so  calculated, 
when  equal  to  1  per  cent  or  more,  shall  be 
stated  in  terms  of  whole  per  cent;  and  when 
less  than  1  per  cent  shall  not  be  stated.  A 
fraction  of  a  per  cent  shall  be  disregarded. 
The  percentage  of  dockage,  so  determined 
and  stated,   shall   be  added   to  the  grade  dr<- 

I  ion. 


60  OFFICIAL  GRAIN  STANDARDS 

Foreign  material  other  than  dockage. — 
In  the  case  of  barley  grown  west  of  the  Great 
Plains  area  of  the  United  States  foreign 
material  other  than  dockage  shall  include  all 
matter  other  than  barley  which  is  not  sepa- 
rated from  the  barley  in  the  proper  determina- 
tion of  dockage,  except  cereal  grains  and  wild 
oats. 

Foreign  material. — In  the  case  of  barley 
grown  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  foreign 
material  shall  include  all  matter  other  than 
barley,  cereal  grains,  and  wild  oats. 

Cereal  grains. — Cereal  grains  shall  include 
wheat,  corn,  rye,  oats,  hull-less  barley, 
emmer,  spelt,  einkorn,  grain  sorghums,  rice, 
and  cultivated  buckwheat. 

Sound  barley. — Sound  barley  shall  be  all 
grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of  barley,  in- 
cluding skinned  barley,  which  are  not  heat 
damaged,  sprouted,  frosted,  badly  ground 
damaged,  badly  weather  damaged,  or  other- 
wise distinctly  damaged. 

Heat-damaged  kernels. — Heat-d  a  m  a  g  e  d 
kernels  shall  be  grain  and  pieces  of  grains  of 
barley,  cereal  grains,  or  wild  oats,  which  have 
been  distinctly  discolored  or  damaged  by  ex- 
ternal heat  or  as  a  result  of  heating  caused  by 
fermentation. 


GRAIN    SORGHUMS    STAND- 
ARDS 

For  the  purpose  of  official  grain  standards 
of  the  United  States  for  grain  sorghums: 

Grain  sorghums. — Grain  sorghums  shall 
be  any  grain  which  consists  of  kafir,  milo, 
durra,  feterita,  darso,  freed  sorgo,  kaoliang, 
schrock  kafir,  and  shallu,  and  any  hybrids 
between  these  classes,  and  not  more  than  35 
per  cent  of  nongrain  sorghums,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  "  foreign  material  and  cracked 
kernels,,,  as  defined  in  these  standards, 
either  singly   or  in   any   combination. 

Grades. — The  subclasses  white  kafir,  kafir, 
yellow  milo,  milo,  white  durra,  and  durra,  and 
the  classes  feterita,  darso,  freed  sorgo,  brown 
kaoliang,  schrock  kafir,  shallu  and  mixed 
grain  sorghums  shall  be  divided  into  five 
grades  for  each  subclass  or  class,  as  the  case 
may  be,  according  to  the  respective  require- 
ments thereof  as  specified  in  these  standards, 
except  that  in  the  case  of  mixed  grain  sor- 
ghums the  requirements  as  to  the  maximum 
percentages  of  other  classes  or  other  colors 
shall  be  disregarded. 

61 


62  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

CLASSES  AND   SUBCLASSES   OF   GRAIN 
SORGHUMS 

Grain  sorghums  shall  be  divided  into  classes 
and  subclasses  as  follows: 

Class  I.  Kafir. — This  class  shall  include 
all  varieties  of  kaflr  and  hegari,  except 
schrock  kaflr,  and  may  include  not  more  than 
10  per  cent  of  other  grain  sorghums.  This 
class  shall  be  divided  into  two  subclasses,  as 
follows : 

White  kafir. — This  subclass  shall  include 
all  kafir  and  hegari,  except  schrock  kafir,  con- 
sisting of  90  per  cent  or  more  of  white  kernels, 
including  other  classes  and  nongrain  sor- 
ghums. Red  spots  or  other  natural  coloring 
upon  kernels  otherwise  white  shall  not 
affect  their  classification  as  white  kafir. 

Kafir. — This  subclass  shall  include  all 
kafir  and  hegari,  except  schrock  kafir,  not 
coming  within  the  classification  for  white 
kafir. 

Class  II.  Milo. — This  class  shall  include 
all  varieties  of  milo,  and  may  include  not 
more  than  10  per  cent  of  other  grain  sor- 
ghums. This  class  shall  be  divided  into  two 
subclasses,  as  follows: 

Yellow  milo. — This  subclass  shall  include 
all  milo  consisting  of  90  per  cent  or  more  of 
yellow  kernels,  including  other  classes  and 
nongrain  sorghums. 

Milo. — This  subclass  shall  include  all  milo 
not  coming  within  the  classification  for  yel- 
low milo, 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 


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64  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

Class  III.  Durra. — This  class  shall  include 
all  varieties  of  durra,  and  may  include  not 
more  than  10  per  cent  of  other  grain  sor- 
ghums. This  class  shall  be  divided  into  two 
subclasses,  as  follows: 

White  durra. — This  subclass  shall  include 
all  durra  consisting  of  90  per  cent  or  more 
of  white  kernels,  including  other  classes  and 
nongrain  sorghums.  Red  spots  or  natural 
coloring  upon  kernels  otherwise  white  shall 
not  affect  their  classification  as  white  durra. 

Durra. — This  subclass  shall  include  all 
durra  not  coming  within  the  classification  for 
white  durra. 

Class  IV.  Feterita. — This  class  shall  in- 
clude all  varieties  of  white  feterita,  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other 
grain  sorghums.  Red  spots  or  natural  color- 
ing upon  kernels  otherwise  white  shall  not 
affect  their  classification  as  white  feterita. 

Class  V.  Darso. — This  class  shall  include 
all  varieties  of  darso  and  may  include  not 
more  than  10  per  cent  of  other  grain  sorghums. 

Class  VI.  Freed  Sorgo. — This  class  shall 
include  all  varieties  of  freed  sorgo  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other 
grain  sorghums. 

Class  VII.  Brown  Kaoliang. — This  class 
shall  include  all  varieties  of  brown  kaoliang 
and  may  include  not  more  than  10  per  cent 
of  other  grain  sorghums. 

Class  VIII.  Schrock  Kafir. — This  class  shall 
include  all  -varieties  of  schiock  kafir  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other 
grain  sorghums. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  65 

Class  IX.  Shallu. — This  class  shall  include 
all  varieties  of  shallu  and  may  include  not 
more  than  10  per  cent  of  other  grain  sorghums. 

Note.— Any  grain  sorghum  or  grain-sorghum  hybrid 
not  mentioned  in  classes  I  to  IX,  inclusive,  shall  be  included 
in  the  class  which  it  most  nearly  resembles. 

Mixed  grain  sorghums. — Mixed  grain  sor- 
ghums shall  be  any  mixture  of  grain  sorghums 
not  provided  for  in  the  classes  I  to  IX,  inclu- 
sive. 

Mixed  grain  sorghums  shall  be  graded  ac- 
cording to  each  of  the  grade  requirements 
common  to  the  class  of  the  grain  sorghums 
which  predominates  over  each  other  class  in 
the  mixture.  The  grade  designation  of 
"Mixed  grain  sorghums"  shall  include,  suc- 
cessively, the  number  of  the  grade  or  the 
words  "Sample  grade,"  the  word  "Mixed," 
and,  in  the  order  of  its  predominance,  the 
name  and  approximate  percentage  of  each  of 
at  least  two  classes. 

Weevily  grain  sorghums. — Weevily  grain 
sorghums  shall  be  grain  sorghums  which  are 
infested  with  live  weevils  or  other  insects 
injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Weevily  grain  sorghums  shall  be  graded 
and  designated  according  to  the  grade  require- 
ments of  the  grade  applicable  to  such  grain 
sorghums  if  they  were  not  weevily,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to  and  made  a  part  of  the 
grade  designation  the  word  u  Weevily.'" 

Smutty    grain    sorghums. — Smutty    grain 
sorghums  shall  be  all  grain  sorghums  which 
have  an  unmistakable  odor  of  smut  or  which 
contain  smut  masses. 
:   385  — 2*    — 5 


66  OFFICIAL   GRAIN   STANDARDS 

Smutty  grain  sorghums  shall  be  graded  and 
designated  according  to  the  grade  require- 
ments of  the  grade  applicable  to  such  grain 
sorghums  if  they  were  not  smutty,  and  there 
shall  be  added  to  and  made  a  part  of  the 
grade  designation  the  word  "Smutty." 

DEFINITIONS 

Basis  of  determinations. — Each  determi- 
nation of  general  appearance,  temperature, 
odor,  smut,  moisture,  test  weight  per  bushel, 
"foreign  material  and  cracked  kernels," 
"sand,  dirt,  and  finely  broken  kernels,"  and 
insects  injurious  to  stored  grain  shall  be  upon 
the  basis  of  the  lot  of  grain  as  a  whole,  and 
all  other  determinations  shall  be  on  the 
basis  of  the  grain  when  free  from  foreign  ma- 
terial and  cracked  kernels. 

Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the 
case  of  moisture,  shall  be  percentages  ascer- 
tained by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of 
moisture  in  grain  sorghums  shall  be  that  ascer- 
tained by  the  moisture  tester  and  the  method 
of  use  thereof  for  kaflr,  as  described  in  Cir- 
cular 72,  and  supplement  thereto,  issued  by 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  or  ascer- 
tained by  any  device  and  method  giving 
equivalent  results. 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — The  test  weight 
per  bushel  shall  be  the  test  weight  per  Win- 
chester bushel,  as  determined  by  the  testing 


OFFICIAL.  GRAIN    STANDARDS  67 

apparatus  and  the  method  of  use  thereof  as 
described  in  Bulletin  472,  dated  October  30, 
1916,  issued  by  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  or  as  determined  by 
any  device  and  method  giving  equivalent 
results. 

Other  grains. — Other  grains  shall  include 
wheat,  nongrain  sorghums,  corn,  oats,  bar- 
ley, rye,  emmer,  spelt,  einkorn,  rice,  culti- 
vated buckwheat,  and  flaxseed  only. 

Nongrain  sorghums. — Nongrain  sorghums 
shall  include  the  grain  of  sorgo  (commonly 
called  "cane  seed")*  broomcorn,  Sudan  grass, 
and  Johnson  grass,  and  hybrids  between  any 
combination  of  the  groups  of  the  nongrain 
sorghums. 

Foreign  material  and  cracked  kernels. — 
Foreign  material  and  cracked  kernels  shall  be 
grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of  grain  sorghums, 
and  all  matter  other  than  grain  sorghums 
which  will  pass  through  a  No.  8  sieve,  and 
all  foreign  material,  except  other  grains, 
remaining  on  such  sieve  after  screening. 

Sand,  dirt,  and  finely  broken  kernels. — 
Sand,  dirt,  and  finely  broken  kernels  shall  be 
finely  broken  kernels,  sand,  and  all  other 
material  which  will  pass  through  a  No.  2J^ 
sieve  and  all  inert  matter  remaining  on  either 
the  No.  2J^  or  No.  8  sieve  after  screening. 

(a)  No.  2}/2  sieve. — A  metal  sieve  perfo- 
rated with  round  holes  2^  sixty-fourths  of  an 
inch  in  diameter. 


68  OFFICIAL  GRAIN   STANDARDS 

(b)  No.  8  sieve. — A  metal  sieve  perforated 
with  triangular  perforations  8  sixty-fourths 
of  an  inch  long  on  each  side  of  perforation. 

Damaged  kernels. — Damaged  kernels  shall 
be  all  grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of  grain 
sorghums  which  are  heat-damaged,  sprouted, 
frosted,  badly  ground-damaged,  moldy,  or 
otherwise  distinctly  damaged. 

Heat-damaged  kernels.  —  Heat-damaged 
kernels  shall  be  grains  and  pieces  of  grains  of 
grain  sorghums  or  other  grains  which  have 
been  distinctly  discolored  or  damaged  by 
external  heat  or  as  a  result  of  heating  caused 
by  fermentation. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  69 

IMPORTANT  FEATURES  OF  GRAIN 
INSPECTION 

BASIS  OF  INSPECTION 

The  Regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  Agri- 
culture governing  licensed  inspectors  provide 
in  part: 

"Sec.  17.  Inspection  to  be  based  on  represen- 
tative sample. — Xo  licensed  inspector  shall 
issue  a  certificate  of  grade  for  any  grain  unless 
the  inspection  and  grading  thereof  be  based 
upon  a  correct  and  representative  sample  of 
the  grain  and  be  made  under  conditions  which 
permit  the  determination  of  its  true  grade. 
Each  licensed  inspector  shall  take  proper  pre- 
cautions that  no  sample  be  exposed  to  manipu- 
lation which  would  deprive  it  of  its  representa- 
tive character  at  any  time  after  its  collection. 

"Sec.  17  (a).  In  the  inspection  and  grading 
of  lots,  parcels,  and  cargoes  of  grain  loaded 
aboard  boats,  barges,  and  other  vessels,  licensed 
inspectors  shall  be  governed  by  the  following 
requirements: 

"1.  If  such  a  lot,  parcel,  or  cargo  tendered 
for  inspection  and  grading  be  uniform  in 
quality  and  condition,  the  grade  shall  be  based 
upon  an  average  sample  thereof. 

"2.  If  such  lot,  parcel,  or  cargo  so  tendered 
is  not  uniform  in  quality  and  condition  by 
reason  of  the  presence  therein  of  a  material  por- 
tion of  grain  of  a  different  grade  the  licensed 
inspector  shall  consider  the  portions  of  such 
lot,  parcel,  or  cargo  which  are  of  different 
grades  as  separate  lots  tendered  for  inspection, 
and  shall  separately  inspect,  grade,  and  certifi- 


70  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

cate  as  to  grade  such  different  portions;  and 
each  such  certificate  of  grade  shall  bear  a  state- 
ment to  the  effect  that  the  grain  to  which  it 
applies  has  been  loaded  on  board  with  other 
grain,  the  grade,  description,  and  approximate 
quantity  of  which  shall  be  specified. 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  71 

THE  SAMPLING  OF  GRAIN 

The  obtaining  of  a  representative  sample  is 
essential  to  the  determination  of  the  true  grade 
of  a  given  lot  of  grain.  If  the  sample  obtained 
is  not  representative  no  amount  of  care  in  mak- 
ing determinations  for  the  grading  factors  will 
establish  the  true  grade  of  the  grain  sampled. 
Consequently,  great  care  should  be  taken  in 
sampling  in  order  that  the  sample  on  which  the 
grade  of  the  grain  is  to  be  based  shall  truly 
represent  the  grain  sampled. 

Regulation  5  of  the  regulations  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  Agriculture  under  the  United  States 
grain  standards  act,  given  in  Circular  No.  70, 
Office  of  the  Secretary,  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  states: 

"Sec.  7.  For  the  purposes  of  an  appeal  or 
dispute  no  samples  shall  be  deemed  representa- 
tive unless  of  the  size  and  procured  in  accord- 
ance with  the  methods  prescribed  in  instructions 
issued  by  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Agri- 
cultural Economics  in  effect  at  the  time  of 
taking  the  appeal  or  referring  the  dispute.'' 

Copy  of  the  current  instructions  in  effect  at 
the  time  of  taking  an  appeal  or  referring  a 
dispute  may  be  obtained  upon  application  to 
any  office  of  Federal  Grain  Supervision. 

In  accordance  with  this  regulation,  the  follow- 
ing revised  instructions  were  issued  by  the 
chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Agricultural  Economics, 
under  date  of  July  29,  1925: 

I.  It  shall  be  approximately  2  quarts  in  size. 
If  the  time  to  elapse  between  the  drawing  of  the 


72  OFFICIAL   GRAIN   STAHDARDS 

sample  and  the  determination  of  grade  would 
permit  of  such  change  in  the  condition  of  the 
sample  as  to  affect  the  grade,  at  least  1J^  pints 
should  be  inclosed  in  an  air-tight  container  and 
the  remainder,  if  any,  in  a  clean  cloth  sack. 

II.  In  case  of  bulk  grain  in  a  carload  lot,  or  in 
a  wagon,  at  least  five  probes  (with  a  double-shell 
compartment  trier  60  inches  long,  or  one  giving 
equivalent  results) ,  and  as  many  more  as  may  be 
necessary  in  the  discretion  of  the  sampler,  shall 
be  taken  from  the  grain  in  different  parts  of  the 
car  or  wagon,  as  the  case  may  be. 

III.  In  case  of  bulk  grain  in  a  canal  boat,  barge 
ship,  or  other  vessel,  at  least  five  probes  (with  a 
double-shell  compartment  trier,  or  one  giving 
equivalent  results) ,  and  as  many  more  as  may  be 
necessary  in  the  discretion  of  the  sampler,  shall 
be  taken  at  points  through  each  hatch  or  opening 
in  the  deck,  or  may  be  drawn  from  the  spout  or  on 
the  belt  or  other  conveyor  from  the  vessel  if  taken 
in  such  a  way  as  to  be  representative  of  the  entire 
lot  or  parcel. 

In  case  of  bulk  grain  being  loaded  aboard  a 
canal  boat,  barge,  ship,  or  other  vessel,  the  sam- 
ple may  be  taken  from  the  spout  or  other  con- 
veyor to  the  vessel  if  taken  in  such  a  way  as  to 
be  representative  of  the  entire  lot  or  parcel. 

IV.  In  case  of  grain  in  sacks,  samples  shall 
be  drawn  from  as  many  individual  sacks  selected 
at  random  as  will  enable  the  sampler  to  pro- 
cure an  average  and  representative  sample  of 
the  entire  lot. 


OFFICIAL  GRAIN    8TANDA1  73 

V.  In  case  it  shall  appear  that  a  material  por- 
tion of  a.  lot  or  parcel  of  grain  is  in  any  manner 
distinctly  inferior  to  the  remainder  of  the  lot  or 
parcel,  and  or  if  loaded,  or  to  be  loaded  aboard 
a  canal  boat,  barge,  ship,  or  other  vessel,  is  of 
a  different  grade  or  class  than  the  remainder 
of  the  lot  or  parcel,  a  separate  sample  otherwise 
complying  with  these  instructions  shall  be 
taken  from  such  portion  and  from  the  remain- 
ing portion.  There  shall  be  filed  with  such 
sample  a  statement  showing  the  estimated 
quantity  of  each  portion  of  the  grain  from  which 
each  such  sample  was  taken. 


74  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

SAMPLING  DEVICES 

GRAIN    TRIER  (PROBE)  AND  SAMPLING 

CANVAS 

For  obtaining  a  representative  sample  from  a 
carload  of  bulk  grain  the  use  of  the  double  tube, 
separate  compartment  grain  trier  (probe)  shown 
in  Figure  1  is  recommended. 

The  use  of  such  a  trier  makes  it  possible  for  the 
sampler  to  note  any  unevenness  in  loading  and 
also  to  ascertain  the  approximate  location  and 
quantity  of  any  mixture  of  grain  or  of  dirty, 
smutty,  heating,  or  damp  spots,  etc.,  found  in 
any  part  of  the  grain.  In  order  to  assist  in  doing 
this  it  is  advisable  to  use  a  canvas  5  by  2  feet  in 
dimensions  on  which  to  empty  the  grain  from 
the  trier.  The  grain  should  be  emptied  length 
wise  on  the  canvas,  each  separate  trierful  apart 
from  the  others,  so  that  the  grain  from  each 
compartment  can  be  noted  separately. 


OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 


75 


INNER  TUBE 
OUTER  TUBE 
OPENING  IN  TUBES 


INNER  TUBE 


i  ;  loUTEIf  TUBE 


B 


Fig.  1.— Grain  trier  (probe).  Double-tubed,  separate- 
compartment  grain  trier  (probe),  recommended  by 
the  Department  of  Agriculture.  A,  trier  closed;  B, 
trier  open;  C,  cross  section,  showing  double  tubes; 
D,  sectional  view;  and  E,  longitudinal  view,  show- 
ing compartments. 


76  OFFICIAL   GRAIN   STANDARDS 

SPOUT    SAMPLER    OR    "PELICAN" 

For  obtaining  a  representative  sample  from  a 
falling  stream  of  bulk  grain,  and  particularly  for 
sampling  bulk  grain  being  spouted  into  the 
holds  of  a  vessel,  a  spout  sampler,  generally 
referred  to  as  a  "Pelican,"  (shown  in  fig.  2), 
is  recommended. 


Fig.  2.— Spout  sampler  (Pelican). 

The  use  of  this  device  makes  it  possible  to 
obtain  complete  cross  sections  from  the  stream 
of  grain  being  sampled.  In  operation  the 
stream  of  grain  is  cut  at  frequent  intervals  and 
the  samples  obtained  are  then  reduced  in  size 
by  being  put  through  a  Boerner  sampler. 
(Fig.  3.) 


OFFICIAL    G&AIN    STANDARDS  ,  / 

SAMPLE  DIVIDER     BOERNER  SAMPLER) 

After  a  representative  sample  of  the  lot  or 
parcel  of  grain  to  be  graded  is  obtained,  it  is 
usually  necessary  to  reduce  its  size  consider- 
ably, in  order  that  the  grade  may  be  determined 
by  careful  analysis.  To  reduce  the  size  of  a 
sample  of  grain  containing  foreign  substances 
of  different  specific  gravity  or  size  than  of  the 
grain  with  which  they  are  mixed,  and  at  the 
same  time  obtain  a  sample  as  representative 
as  the  original  is,  hardly  possible  except  by 
mechanical  means. 

Figure  3  illustrates  a  device,  generally  re- 
ferred to  as  the  "  Boerner  sampler."  which  will 
divide  a  sample  into  smaller  portions  and  still 
maintain  the  proper  proportions  for  the  various 
factor^  of  the  original  sample.  In  the  opera- 
tion of  this  device  the  grain  is  placed  in  a  hop- 
per at  the  top  of  the  machine  and  released, 
when  it  passes  through  an  opening  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  hopper,  down  the  sides  of  a  cone, 
the  point  of  which  is  directly  under  the  center 
of  the  opening.  Around  the  base  of  the  cone 
are  36  pockets  or  openings.  The  grain  falling 
down  the  sides  of  the  cone  is  cut  into  36  separate 
streams,  which,  a  little  farther  on.  merge  into 
two  streams.  Streams  Xos.  1,  3.  5,  etc.,  unite 
into  one  stream  which  empties  into  one  recep- 
tacle, and  streams  Xos.  2.  4.  6.  S.  etc..  unite 
into  another  stream  which  empties  into  a  sec- 
ond receptacle. 

This  device  and  a  simplified  form  of  it  are 
fully  described  in  L'nited  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  Bulletins  Xos.  2S7  and  S57. 


SPACES  W/Y/C//  0/>£Wj 
///TO  OC/7&?  /CZ/MV£Z 


0t/crs  i<v///c//  s/zxr 

//V7&  WA&? /ZWA/£Z 


WAteWM/Vfl 


VT/P/V/VMOL 


Fig.  3.— Sample  divider.  A,  vertical  cross  section  of  device 
showing  paths  taken  by  the  material  in  passing  from  the 
hopper  to  the  containers;  B,  cross  section  of  the  device  at 
the  base  of  the  cone. 


METHOD  OF  MAKING  MOISTURE 
TESTS 

Owing  to  the  numerous  methods  of  making 
moisture  determinations  and  the  wide  variations 
in  the  results  obtained  by  the  different  methods, 
the  tester  and  method  described  in  Bulletin 
1375,  dated  February  1926,  issued  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  have  been 
designated  as  the  standard  on  which  the  grades 
are  based.  This  in  no  way  precludes  the  use  of 
other  methods  of  making  moisture  determina- 
tions, so  long  as  the  results  are  corrected  to  con- 
form to  those  secured  by  the  standard  method 
specified.  Figure  4  represents  a  sectional  view 
of  the  official  standard  moisture  tester. 

In  making  moisture  tests,  use  the  quantities 
of  oil  and  grain  and  extinguish  the  flame  as 
listed  in  the  following  table  of  specifications: 


1  Use  special  graduate  which  is  one-half  of  the  volume  of  the 
regular  graduate;  however,  the  regular  graduate  may  be  used 
by  doubling  the  moisture  test  reading. 

K  glass  wool  pad  2  inches  in  diameter  and  one-fourth 
inch  thick  in  bottom  of  flask. 

Use  double-walled  flask  (Dept.  of  Agr.  Bulletin  Xo. 

79 


Fig.  4.— Moisture  tester.  Sectional  view  of  the  official  moisture 
tester,  showing  the  various  parts  properly  connected  for  use; 
A,  distillation  flask  in  position  three-eighths  of  an  inch  above 
the  wire  gauze 

80 


OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS  SI 

Special  points  for  consideration: 

(1)  The  moisture  tester  should  be  installed 
in  a  place  where  it  will  not  be  exposed  to  strong 
air  currents. 

(2)  The  standard  tester  is  equipped  for  heat- 
ing with  illuminating  gas. 

(3)  The  wire  gauze  with  asbestos  center 
should  be  kept  in  good  condition,  and  so 
adjusted  that  the  flame  plays  directly  in  the 
center  of  the  asbestos. 

(4)  The '  bottom  of  the  flask  should  be  not 
less  than  three-eighths  of  an  inch  above  the 
wire  gauze. 

(5)  See  that  the  column  of  mercury  in  the 
thermometer  is  continuous;  if  broken,  it  should 
be  shaken  down. 

(6)  Thoroughly  mix  the  sample  before  weigh- 
ing for  tests;  and  unless  the  test  is  to  be  made 
immediately  upon  its  arrival  in  the  office,  place 
in  air-tight  container. 

(7)  Make  tests  in  duplicate,  and  if  duplicates 
vary,  over  three-tenths  of  1  per  cent  make 
another  test. 

(8)  Adjust  the  thermometers  so  that  four- 
fifths  of  the  mercury  bulb  is  submerged  in  the 
grain  and  oil  after  the  grain  has  been  placed  in 
the  flask.  (See  to  the  adjustment  each  time. 
Do  not  guess.) 

(9)  Use  correctly  graduated  thermometers 
and  graduates. 

(10)  Do  not  use  mushy  rubber  stoppers  as 
they  absorb  some  of  the  moisture  that  should 
pass  into  the  graduates. 

79885°— 28 -6 


82  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

(11)  Clean  and  dry  each  graduate  before 
using  for  a  test.  (Do  not  let  them  show  any 
moisture  in  the  bottom  or  along  the  sides.) 

(12)  Do  not  use  oil  directly  from  the  previous 
test.  Empty  used  flasks  into  a  large  storage 
can  and  never  directly  into  the  oil  measuring 
device. 

(13)  Keep  a  good  circulation  of  cold  water 
through  the  condenser  tank. 

(14)  The  heating  apparatus  should  be  so  ad- 
justed that  the  required  temperature  is  reached 
in  20  minutes.  A  longer  time  will  give  results 
too  low  and  a  shorter  time  too  high. 

(15)  If  the  moisture  content  of  the  sample  is 
high  so  that  there  is  a  tendency  to  boil  over, 
lower  the  flame  until  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  water  is  distilled  over. 

(16)  The  heat  should  be  cut  off  at  the  exact 
temperature  prescribed  for  each  gram. 

(17)  After  the  flame  is  extinguished  a  slight 
gradual  rise  in  the  temperature  is  to  be  expected. 
A  sudden  increase  or  sudden  decrease  in  tem- 
perature of  several  degrees  indicates  that  the 
flame  was  too  intense  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  heating,  and  the  test  should  be  repeated. 

(18)  Do  not  remove  covers,  nor  remove  ther- 
mometers, until  the  temperature  recedes  to 
160°  C. 

(19)  After  the  temperature  has  fallen  to 
160°  C.  or  lower  disconnect  thermometer  and 
then  the  delivery  tube. 

(20)  Read  the  percentage  of  moisture  in  the 
graduated  cylinder  after  all  the  drops  clinging 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  83 

to  the  sides  of  the  graduates  have  been  shaken 
down.  The  reading  is  taken  beneath  the  layer 
of  oil  on  top  of  the  water. 

(21)  Results  of  tests  need  not  be  expressed 
more  closely  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

(22)  If  the  water  which  distills  over  is  discol- 
ored, the  substance  has  evidently  been  burned 
and  the  test  should  be  repeated. 

(23)  When  machine  is  not  in  use  keep  ther- 
mometers connected  in  the  flasks  and  the  flasks 
connected  with  the  distilling  tubes  in  the  same 
manner  as  for  making  a  test. 

(24)  Before  making  a  test  in  a  new  flask,  or 
before  using  a  machine  that  has  not  been  in  use 
for  a  24-hour  period,  a  test  should  be  made  on  a 
preliminary  sample  so  that  all  the  flasks  will  be 
uniform  in  condition. 

(25)  Place  scales  on  a  firm  support  and  see 
that  they  are  in  balance  before  making  a 
weighing. 

(26)  The  specific  directions  given  above  and 
in  Bulletin  1375,  issued  by  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  for  making  tests 
do  not  apply  to  modified  forms  of  testers. 


DOCKAGE 

EQUIPMENT  FOR  SEPARATING  DOCKAGE 
FROM  WHEAT  AND  RYE 

In  determining  the  quantity  of  dockage  in 
connection  with  the  official  grading  of  wheat  or 
rye  the  following  cleaning  devices  are  used  in 
the  offices  of  Federal  Grain  Supervision: 

1.  A  small  wheat  tester  or  device  for  remov- 
ing barley,  oats,  wild  oats,,  pieces  of  straw, 
weed  stems,  and  other  coarse  matter  from 
wheat.  On  account  of  the  peculiar  short, 
jerky  motion  of  the  riddle,  this  machine  has 
been  popularly  designated  as  the  "wild-oat 
kicker." 

2.  A  small  machine  with  indented  belt  for 
removing  wild  peas  and  similar  seeds. 

3.  Set  of  perforated  metal  hand  sieves.  The 
sieves  and  bottom  pan  should  be  circular  in 
shape  and  made  of  aluminum,  brass,  or  other 
suitable  material.  The  smooth  surface  of  the 
metal  should  face  up.  The  metal  should  be 
0.025  to  0.035  inch  in  thickness. 

(a)  Bottom  pan:  Inside  diameter  should  be 
13J/8  inches;  depth  2J^  inches;  and  roll  at  top 
of  pan  yq  inch  in  diameter. 

(b)  Buckwheat  sieve:  With  triangular  per- 
forations -q\  inch  on  each  side  of  perforations; 
inside  diameter  of  sieve  should  be  13  inches; 
depth  of  sieve  2  inches;  and  roll  at  top  of  sieve 
should  be  34  inch  in  diameter. 

(c)  Fine  seed  sieve:  With  round  perforations 
Y2  inch  in  diameter. 

(d)  Fine  chess  sieve:  With  slotted  perfora- 
tions, 0.064  inch  wide  by  %  inch  long. 

84 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  85 


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Fig.  5.— Illustrating  the  perforations  (full  size)  of  the  dockage 
sieves  adopted  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, in  connection  with  the  enforcement  of  the  United 
States  grain  standards  Act.  Buckwheat  sieve,  triangular 
perforations  ^-inch  long  on  each  side  of  perforation;  scalper 
sieve,  round  perforations  ff-inch  in  diameter;  fine  chess 
sieve  slotted  perforations  0.064  inch  wide  by  9^-inch  long; 
coarse  chess  sieve,  slotted  perforations  0.07  inch  wide  by  V2 
inch  long;  fine  seed  sieve,  round  perforations  y1?  inch  in  di- 
ameter. 


COAHS£  C#£JS&£V£ 


86  OFFICIAL   GRAItf    STANDARDS 

(e)  Coarse  chess  sieve:  With  slotted  perfora- 
tions 0.070  inch  wide  by  ^  inch  long.  (Other 
specifications  and  dimensions  for  (c),  (d),  and 
(/)  same  as  for  (6)  buckwheat  sieve  above.) 

(J)  Scalper  sieve:    With  round  perforations 

|f  inch  in  diameter;    depth  of  sieve  should  be 

1%  inches,  inside  diameter  should  be  12%  inches, 

and  roll  at  top  of  sieve  -fe  inch  in  diameter. 

Note. — Sieves  (b),  (c),  (d),  and  (e)  should  be  made  to  nest 
very  freely  with  the  bottom  pan.  The  scalper  sieve  (/)  should 
nest  very  freely  with  each  of  the  other  three  sieves  and  also 
with  the  bottom  pan. 


Fig.  6.— Nest  of  two  dockage  sieves  and  bottom  pan 
It  is  absolutely  essential  that  the  dimensions 
of  the  perforations  of  the  sieves  used  be  exactly 
as  stated  above.  A  slight  variation  in  the  di- 
mensions materially  influences  the  percentage 
of  dockage  obtained.  In  order  to  secure  the 
exact  size  it  is  necessary  that  the  perforations 
be  cut  with  dies  especially  made  for  the  purpose. 
Sieves  made  from  tin  or  galvanized  iron  with  an 
ordinary  punch  will  not  give  accurate  results. 
The  shape  and  arrangement  of  the  perforations 
are  illustrated  in  Figure  5,  and  the  shape  and  man- 
ner of  nesting  of  the  sieves  are  shown  in  Figure  6. 


TEST  WEIGHT  PER  BUSHEL 

STANDARD    METHOD    OF    MAKING    THE 
TEST 

e  conditions  given  in  the  method  described 
below  have  been  found  to  be  essential  in  making 
uniform  tc  ^ght  per  bushel  and  obtaining 

accurate  results,  and  have  been  adopted  as 
standard  in  connection  with  the  enforcement  of 
the  United  States  grain  standards  Act. 

1.  Use  an  accurate  quart-sized  tester. 

2.  Fill  the  kettle  from  a  hopper. 

3.  Opening  at  bottom  of  hopper  must  be 
round  and  exactly  1J4  inches  in  diameter. 

4.  Bottom  of  opening  must  be  held  exactly  2 
inches  above  center  of  kr 

5.  Mark  hopper  on  inside  at  a  point  where  it 
will  hold  just  sufficient  grain  to  cause  overflow 

all  sides  of  kettle. 

6.  Use  same  volume  of  grain  for  each 

7.  Use  a  stroker  made  of  hardwood  with 
smooth  rounded  e  ._  ches  long,  %  inch 
thick,  and  l?g  inches  broad. 

8.  Place  the  stroker  on  the  edge  of  the  kettle 
lightly  without  jarring  the  kettle. 

9.  Stroke  the  grain  from  the  kettle  with  three 
full-length  zigzag  motions  of  the  stroker. 

10.  Hold  the  stroker  on  the  kettle  with  its 
sides  held  in  a  vertical  position. 

11.  Make  the  stroke  clean  all  the  way  aci 
the  kettle. 

12.  Have  the  kett  a  firm  bai 

-7 


88 


OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 


13.  Do  not  jar  the  kettle  before  or  during  the 
stroking  operation. 

14.  If  the  top  of  the  kettle  is  rough,  smooth 
down  the  roughness  with  a  rounded  metal  bar, 
but  do  not  use  a  file  for  the  purpose. 


Fig.  7. — Standard  apparatus  for  determining  the  test  weight 
per  bushel  of  grain. 

15.  Make  the  test  immediately  after  the 
sample  has  been  brought  to  the  inspection  room, 
office,  or  laboratory,  to  prevent  drying  out  of 
the  grain  with  consequent  change  in  its  test 
weight. 


OFFICIAL   GKALX    BTANDAJ  89 

16.  In  the  case  of  wheat  or  rye  and  other 
grains  for  which  the  standards  provide  a  speci- 
fication for  "dockage.*"  make  the  test  on  the 
grain  after  the  dockage  has  been  removed. 

17.  The  quart  kettle  must  have  a  capacity  of 
exactly  67.2  cubic  inches. 

18.  Use  a  beam  which  is  both  accurately 
graduated  and  sensitive  to  one-tenth  pound  per 
bushel. 

19.  Have  vour  grain  tester  tested  periodically 
::r— 

(a)  Accuracy  of  kettle  capacity, 
(6)  Accuracy  of  beam  readings,  and 
(c)  Sensitiveness  of  beam. 
The  method  of  testing  the  accuracy  of  the 
kettle  and  the  accuracy  and  sensitiveness  of  the 
weighing  beam  of  any  weight  per  bushel  testing 
outfit  is  given  in  Department  of  Agriculture 
Bulletin  No.  1065. 

Any  office  of  Federal  Grain  Supervision  will  be 
glad  to  test  your  apparatus  for  accuracy,  or  ar- 
range to  have  it  tested  for  you  free  of  charge. 

TEST  WEIGHT  TO  BE  DETERMINED  ON 
DOCKAGE-FREE  WHEAT.  DOCKAGE- 
FREE  RYE.  AND  DOCKAGE-FREE  BAR- 
LEY for  all  barley  grown  west 

OF   THE   GREAT  PLAINS   AREA   OF   THE 
UNITED   STATES 


case  of  wheat,  rye,  and  for  all  barley  grown 
west  of  the  Great  Plains  area  of  the  United 


90  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

States  shall  be  made  upon  the  basis  of  the  grain 
from  which  the  dockage  has  been  removed. 

The  test  weight  per  bushel  is  one  of  the  main 
factors  in  determining  the  grade  of  grain,  and 
a'  sufficient  quantity  of  the  original  sample 
should  be  free  from  dockage  to  permit  the  test 
weight  to  be  made  with  a  quart  tester.  Under 
average  conditions  a  sample  of  1,000  grams  of 
wheat  or  rye  containing  the  dockage  will  give 
a  sufficient  amount  of  dockage-free  grain  for 
determining  the  test  weight  with  a  quart  tester. 
However,  if  the  wheat  or  rye  contains  a  large 
amount  of  coarse  material  and  other  foreign 
matter  it  will  sometimes  be  necessary  to  remove 
the  dockage  from  more  than  1,000  grams  in 
order  to  secure  a  sufficient  quantity  of  dockage- 
free  grain  to  make  the  test  weight  with  a  quart 
tester. 


METHOD    FOR    DETECTING    SUL- 
PHUR-BLEACHED GRAIN 

The  conditions  given  in  the  method  described 
below  for  the  detection  of  sulphured  grain  have 
been  found  to  be  essential  in  obtaining  accurate 
results. 

CHEMICALS  AND  APPARATUS 

1.  Solution  of  lead  acetate  (tribasic  salt),  pre- 
pared by  dissolving  1  gram  of  lead  acetate  in  100 
c.  c.  of  distilled  water. 

2.  Dilute  solution  of  hydrochloric  acid,  made 
by  adding  one  part  of  hydrochloric  acid  to  four 
parts  of  distilled  water. 

3.  Mossy  zinc  free  from  sulphur. 

4.  Erlenmeyer  flask,  capacity  500  c.  c.  (or  the 
flask  devised  by  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  described  in  Service  and 
Regulatory  Announcement  (Markets)  No.  55). 

5.  Inverted  L-shaped  delivery  tube,  the 
short  arm  to  be  2  inches  long,  the  long  arm  6 
inches  long,  and  the  cross  tube  4  inches  wide. 

6.  Cork  stoppers  of  good  quality. 

7.  Test  tubes:  Several  of  25  c.  c.  capacity. 

METHOD    OF   MAKING   THE    TEST 

Place  100  grams  of  the  grain  to  be  examined, 
together  with  10  grams  of  mossy  zinc,  in  a  500 
.c.  c.  Erlenmeyer  flask.  Pour  into  the  flask 
enough  of  the  diluted  hydrochloric  acid  to  just 
cover  the  grain.  Close  the  flask  with  the  cork 
containing  the  L-shaped  delivery  tube,  and 
place  the  long  arm  of  the  delivery  tube  in  a  test 
tube  containing  15  c.  c.  of  the  1  per  cent  lead 

91 


92  OFFICIAL   GRAIK    STANDARDS 

acetate  solution.  The  test  tube  should  not  be 
over  three-fourths  full  of  lead  acetate  solution, 
in  order  to  prevent  spilling  when  the  gas  begins 
to  pass  over. 

The  delivery  tube  should  extend  to  within 
1  inch  of  the  bottom  of  the  test  tube.  If  the 
grain  has  been  sulphur  bleached,  the  gas  com- 
ing over  will  combine  with  the  lead  acetate 
solution  and  produce  lead  sulphid,  a  brownish- 
black  precipitate.  If  the  grain  has  not  been 
sulphur  bleached,  the  liquid  in  the  test  tube 
will  remain  clear.  Should  the  grain  be  very 
dirty,  fine  granules  will  occasionally  be  seen 
held  in  suspension  in  the  acetate  solution  in 
the  test  tube,  and  the  same  condition  will 
obtain  if  the  acid  is  too  strong.  This  fine 
precipitate  should  not  be  mistaken  for  lead 
sulphid.  To  test  these  granules,  add  to  the 
test  tube  a  few  drops  of  ferric  chloride  (1 
part  ferric  chloride  to  10  parts  distilled  water). 
If  they  are  lead  sulphid  they  will  dissolve  imme- 
diately. 

SPECIAL  POINTS  FOR  CONSIDERATION 

1.  It  is  essential  that  either  mossy  or  granular 
zinc  be  used;  other  forms  are  not  satisfactory. 

2.  A  preliminary  blank  test,  using  everything 
except  the  grain,  should  be  run  with  every  test, 
and  the  results  compared  with  the  test  on  the 
grain. 

3.  At  times,  because  of  the  purity  of  the 
zinc,  the  action  between  the  acid  and  the  zinc 
is  slow.  The  action  may  be  made  more  vig- 
orous by  adding  to  the  flask  a  few  drops  of  a  10 
per  cent  ferric  chloride  or  copper  sulphate 
solution. 


APPARATUS  FOR  GRADING  GRAIN  AC- 
CORDING TO  THE  OFFICIAL  GRAIN 
STANDARDS 

For  the  information  of  persons  who  desire  to 
equip  laboratories  for  the  grading  of  wheat, 
shelled  corn,  oats,  and  rye  according  to  the 
official  grain  standards  of  the  United  States  the 
following  equipment  is  regarded  as  essential: 

1.  Brown-Duvel  moisture  tester,  completely- 
equipped  with  flasks,  certified  centigrade  ther- 
mometers to  read  correctly  from  170°  to  195°; 
graduates  of  25  c.  c.  capacity;  one-hole  rubber 
stoppers,  sizes  No.  5  and  No.  3;  condenser  tubes; 
150  c.  c.  oil  measuring  device;  supply  of  oil,  etc. 
(See  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
Bulletin  No.  1375.) 

2.  A  convenient  apparatus  for  detecting  sul- 
phured or  bleached  oats  consists  of  an  Erlen- 
meyer  flask  of  500  c.  c.  capacity,  filled  with  a  hol- 
low ground-glass  stopper  with  a  glass  delivery 
tube,  and  a  6-inch  test  tube  about  1  inch  in 
diameter.  (See  S.  R.  A.  55  (Markets),  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture.) 

3.  Balance,  capacity  1,000  grams,  sensitive 
to  one-tenth  gram,  with  set  of  weights,  1  gram 
to  1,000  grams. 

4.  Balance,  capacity  500  grams,  sensitive  to 
one-tenth  gram,  with  set  of  weights,  1  gram  to 
500  grams. 

5.  Balance,  capacity  approximately  50  grams, 
graduated  beam  to  read  1  gram  and  fractions  of 
a  gram,  sensitive  to  one-tenth  gram,  with  set  of 
weights,  1  gram  to  50  grams. 

93 


94  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS 

6.  Set  of  perforated  metal  hand  sieves  for  use 
in  the  determination  of  dockage  in  wheat  and 
rye.  (For  specifications  of  the  ' '  dockage ' '  sieves 
see  "  Equipment  for  separating  dockage,"  p.  84.) 

7.  A  small  wheat  tester  or  device  for  remov- 
ing barley,  oats,  wild  oats,  pieces  of  straw,  weed 
stems,  and  other  coarse  matter  from  wheat, 
popularly  designated  as  the  "wild-oat  kicker." 
(For  further  reference  see  "  Equipment  for  sepa- 
rating dockage,"  p.  84.) 

8.  Sieve  and  pan  for  use  in  the  determination 
of  " foreign  material  and  cracked  corn"  in  corn: 

(a)  Bottom  pan:  Inside  diameter  should  be 
13  J/8  inches,  depth  2J^  inches,  and  roll  at  top  of 
pan  3^-  inch  in  diameter. 

(b)  Corn  sieve:  With  round  perforations  -Jf 
inch  in  diameter.  This  sieve  should  be  made  to 
nest  very  freely  with  the  bottom  pan. 

9.  Weight  per  bushel  tester  (grain  tester),  1 
quart  capacity,  with  funnel  having  an  outlet 
opening  V/i  inches  in  diameter,  opening  held 
in  place  2  inches  above  the  test  kettle  and  a 
hardwood  stick  Y%  inch  thick  by  1%4  inches 
broad  and  12  inches  long,  with  long  edges 
rounded  to  a  semicircle,  for  stroking  the  grain 
from  the  overflow  test  kettle.  (This  apparatus 
is  fully  described  in  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture  Bulletins  Nos.  472  and  1065.) 

10.  A  device  for  correctly  dividing  a  grain 
sample  into  smaller  portions  for  analysis  and 
moisture  determinations.  (See  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  Nos.  287 
and  857.) 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  95 

11.  Grain  trier  (grain  prcbe),  60  inches  long. 
The  trier  should  be  double-shelled  and  divided 
into  compartments.      (See  Fig.  1.) 

12.  A  spout  sampling  device  for  .sampling  bulk 
grain  being  loaded  into  the  holds  of  a  vessel. 
(See  illustration  on  page  76.) 

13.  Sampling  canvas,  5  by  2  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, on  which  to  empty  the  grain  from  the  trier. 

14.  Air-tight  containers  ^sample  cans),  capac- 
ity approximately  450  grams. 

15.  Cloth  sample  bags,  waterproofed,  capacity 
at  least  2  quarts. 

16.  Grain  pans,  with  spout  for  pouring  into 
other  containers. 

In  addition  to  the  apparatus  listed  above,  the 
following  equipment  will  be  found  convenient 
and  desirable: 

1.  Extra  moisture-testing  equipment:  Fla 
thermometers,  graduates,  rubber  stoppers,  test- 
tube  cleaners,  etc. 

2.  Five-gallon  oil  can  equipped  with  faucet. 

3.  Five-gallon  oil  can  equipped  with  strainer 
funnel  to  recover  oil. 

4.  Five-gallon  refuse  can. 

5.  Small  funnel  to  fit  in  moisture  flasks  for 
pouring  sample  into  the  flasks. 

6.  Tweezers  for  mechanical  analysis. 

7.  Small  grain  scoop. 

8.  Brush  for  cleaning  up  grain  and  grain  dust. 

9.  Heavy  table  for  handling  samples,  analysis, 
etc. 

10.  Furniture,  including  chairs,  stationery  sup- 
plies, files,  etc.,  to  keep  proper  records. 


APPEALS  AND  DISPUTES  UNDER 
THE  UNITED  STATES  GRAIN 
STANDARDS  ACT 

The  United  States  grain  standards  Act  pro- 
vides in  part,  as  follows: 

APPEALS 

"That  whenever  standards  shall  have  been 
fixed  and  established  under  this  act  for  any 
grain  and  any  quantity  of  such  grain  sold, 
offered  for  sale,  or  consigned  for  sale,  or  which 
has  been  shipped,  or  delivered  for  shipment  in 
interstate  or  foreign  commerce  shall  have  been 
inspected  and  a  dispute  arises  as  to  whether 
the  grade  as  determined  by  such  inspection  of 
any  such  grain  in  fact  conforms  to  the  standard 
of  the  specified  grade,  any  interested  party  may, 
either  with  or  without  reinspection,  appeal  the 
question  to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  and 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  is  authorized  to 
cause  such  investigation  to  be  made  and  such 
tests  to  be  applied  as  he  may  deem  necessary 
and  to  determine  the  true  grade :  Provided,  That 
any  appeal  from  such  inspection  and  grading  to 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  be  taken  before 
the  grain  leaves  the  place  where  the  inspection 
appealed  from  was  made  and  before  the  identity 
of  the  grain  has  been  lost,  under  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall 
prescribe. " 
96 


OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARDS  97 

DISPUTES 

"That  any  *  *  *  grain  sold,  offered  for 
sale,  or  consigned  for  sale  by  any  of  the  grades 
fixed  therefor  in  the  official  grain  standards  may, 
upon  compliance  with  the  rules  and  regulations 
prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  be 
shipped  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  with- 
out inspection  from  a  place  at  which  there  is  no 
inspector  licensed  under  this  Act  to  a  place  at 
which  there  is  no  such  inspector,  subject  to  the 
right  of  either  party  to  the  transaction  to  refer 
any  dispute  as  to  the  grade  of  the  grain  to  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture,  who  may  determine 
the  true  grade  thereof." 

FEES  AND  CHARGES 

"Whenever  an  appeal  shall  be  taken  or  a  dis- 
pute referred  to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
under  this  Act,  he  shall  charge  and  assess  and 
cause  to  be  collected  a  reasonable  fee,  in  amount 
to  be  fixed  by  him,  which  fee,  in  case  of  an  appeal, 
shall  be  refunded  if  the  appeal  is  sustained. 
All  such  fees  not  so  refunded  shall  be  deposited 
and  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  miscellaneous 
receip 

SECRETARY'S  FINDINGS 

"The  findings  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
as  to  grade,  signed  by  him  or  by  such  officer  or 
officers,  agent  or  agents  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  as  he  may  designate,  made  after  the 
parties  in  interest  have  had  opportunity  to  be 
heard,  shall  be  accepted  in  the  courts  of  the 
United  States  as  prima  facie  evidence  of  the  true 
grade  of  the  grain  determined  by  him  at  the 
time  and  place  specified  in  the  findings." 
798S50— 28 7 


98  OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS 

HOW   TO  FILE  AN  APPEAL  OR  DISPUTE 

Appeals  are  taken  and  disputes  are  referred 
to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  by  filing  either 
a  complaint  or  stipulation  in  the  proper  office 
of  Federal  Grain  Supervision.  A  complaint  or 
stipulation  may  be  filed  in  writing  or  by  tele- 
graph. The  proper  form  for  the  complaint  or 
stipulation  and  all  other  regulations  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  under  the  United 
States  grain  standards  Act  are  given  in  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
office  of  the  Secretary,  Circular  No.  70. 

AGREED     SAMPLES    IN     APPEALS     AND 
DISPUTES 

Samples  of  the  grain  involved  in  an  " appeal" 
or  a  " dispute"  referred  to  an  office  of  Federal 
Grain  Supervision  for  determination  of  the  true 
grade  of  the  grain  may  be  agreed  upon  in 
accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture,  or  drawn  by  a  person  authorized 
to  do  so  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

AGREED  SAMPLES 

In  the  case  of  agreed  samples  the  regulations 
of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  provide  in 
regulation  5,  in  part,  as  follows: 

Sec.  3.  Agreed  sample  in  appeal. — In  case  of 
an  appeal,  a  representative  sample  of  the  grain 
involved  may  be  agreed  upon  by  the  party  or 
parties  and  the  licensed  inspector  from  whose 
determination  the  appeal  is  taken.  In  such 
case  there  shall  be  filed  with  such  sample  a 
written  agreement,  signed  by  each  party  or  his 
agent  and  by  the  licensed  inspector,  in  sub- 
stantially the  following  form : 


OFFICIAL   GRAIN    STANDARDS  00 

We  agree  that  the  accompanying  sample  i 

representative  sample  drawn  by 

*  (Name  of  sampler1 

on 102 from  a  certain 

lot  or  parcel  of  grain  identified  and  then  located 
as  follows : 

and  involved  in  an  appeal  riled,  or  to  be  filed,  in 
the  office  of  Federal  Grain  Supervision  at 


Place 
Date  . 


(Appellant) 
(Respondent,  if  any) 


(Licensed  inspector) 
Sec.  4.  Agreed  sample  in  dispute. — In  case 
of  a  dispute  a  representative  sample  of  the  grain 
involved  may  be  agreed  upon  by  the  parties.  In 
such  case  there  shall  be  filed  with  such  sample  a 
written  agreement,  signed  by  each  party  or  his 
agent,  followed  by  the  certification  of  a  disinter- 
ested third  person,  in  substantially  the  following 
form: 

We  agree  that  the  accompanying  sample  is  a 

representative  sample  drawn  by 

(Name  of  sampler) 

on ,  192__  from  a  certain  lot  or 

parcel  of  grain  identified  and  then  located  as 
follows : 

and  involved  in  a  dispute  filed,  or  to  be  filed,  in 
the  office  of  Federal  Grain  Supervision  at 

Place  

Date 


(Complainant) 
(Respondent) 


100  OFFICIAL    GRAIN    STANDARD- 

I  hereby  certify  that  I  am  not  interested  in 
the  dispute  above  mentioned  or  in  the  grain  in- 
volved therein,  and  that  the  sample  mentioned 
is  a  representative  sample  drawn  from  the  grain 
involved. 


(Name)  (Occupation; 

(Address) 
DELIVERY  OF  SAMPLES 

"Sec.  6.  Delivery  of  samples. — Samples  of 
grain  involved  in  an  appeal  or  dispute  shall  be 
delivered  in  person,  or  transmitted  by  express 
or  parcel  post,  to  the  office  of  Federal  Grain 
Supervision  in  which  the  appeal  or  dispute  is 
filed." 

FURTHER  INFORMATION 

For  further  information  regarding  the  United 
States  grain  standards  act,  the  regulations  of 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  thereunder,  or  the 
official  grain  standards,  apply  to  any  office  of 
Federal  Grain  Supervision,  or  to  the  Chief, 
Bureau  of  Agricultural  Economics,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 


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